--- schema_version: "library-reader-v1" source_type: "original_book" title: "The Stack On Software and Sovereignty" author: null edition: null publisher: null year: null isbn: "9780262029575" library_document_id: "24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341" source_sha256: "9ce65d410e7e1630d3751064df8dca7be548b331423b3bb82e47c29fb5ab6d96" pdf_physical_page_count: 517 pdf_physical_page_index_base: 0 range_start: 500 range_count: 10 html_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341?start=500&limit=10" markdown_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341.md?start=500&limit=10" previous_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341.md?start=490&limit=10" next_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341.md?start=510&limit=10" --- # The Stack On Software and Sovereignty > 页码规则：PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX 是从 0 开始的权威文件物理页索引；PRINTED_PAGE 是页面中识别出的印刷页码，可能为空，二者不得混用。 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=500 | PRINTED_PAGE=486 money, 199, 213, 329, 335 – 337, 458n11. See also currency money-into-virtuality, 199 monkeys, 222 Monroe, James, 45 Monroe Doctrine, 26, 31 – 32 Monroe Doctrine of the Cloud, 34 – 35, 37 Montana East Line Telephone Association, 29 moon, owning, 456n7 Moore Ruble Yudell, 322 Moore ’ s law, 63, 80, 92, 232, 304 More, Thomas, 249, 321 Mori, Bruna, 103 Morphosis, 320, 322 – 323 Mosaic (browser), 267 Mouffe, Chantal, 379n10 Mountbatten Plan, 85 Mumbai attacks (2008), 17, 242, 247 – 248, 322, 428n58, 431n70 Musk, Elon, 281 mutual prostheticization, 280 MVRDV exposition pavilion, Hannover 2000, 53 MyLifeBits (Bell) (Microsoft), 261 – 262, 264 namecoin, 171 namelessness, 447n45 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 88, 300 National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 267 National Security Agency (NSA), 35, 120, 283, 287, 363, 413n75 nation-state Cloud as, 93 interfaces into, 155 – 156 as jurisdiction, 5, 309 – 310 Koj è ve on, 109 modern, 24 non-state actors functioning as, 10 – 11 socialist, platform in, 59 twentieth-century achievements of, 309, 443n23 Westphalian system of, 14, 397n19 Native Land-Stop Eject (Virilio and Depardon, curators), 265 Negarastani, Rezi, 390n19 Negroponte, Nicholas, 201 nemein, 379n12 neo-Austrian libertarians, 285 neo-feudalism, 17, 186, 306 – 307 neoliberalism, 20 – 21, 56, 439n65 Nest (smart thermostat), 134 nested parasitism, 280, 288 – 289 Netscape, 267 Netwar, 431n70 network city, 172, 421n20 network is the computer (Sun Microsystems), 396n8 networks communication, 132, 153 – 154, 193 – 195 defined, 396n8 interior/exterior in, 29 megastructure, 189 of package delivery, 131 peer-to-peer, 205, 215 social reality of, 341 society, 231 space, making and taking, 29 as state, 11, 123 territory produced through, 29 value, 159 vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), 281 – 282, 438n60 visualization, 266 “ New Aesthetic, The, ” 225 New Babylon (Constant), 178 – 179 New Deal, 120 New Digital Age, The (Schmidt and Cohen), 134 – 136 New Songdo City, South Korea, 179 Niantic Labs (Google), 242 Nicaragua-Costa Rica border conflict, 9, 120, 144 Nicolelis, Michel, 222 486 Index ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=501 | PRINTED_PAGE=487 nihilism of empty space, overcoming, 380n20 1984 advertisement, 128 – 129, 402n57 Noguchi, Isamu, 103 nomos breaking down order of, 397n19 defined, 373 derivation, 379n12 drawing and framing sovereign interiors, 246 of friend-foe, 397n19 Modern, 380n13 nomic line, 84 Schmittian, 24 – 25, 85, 113, 379n12 of The Stack, 24, 229, 235 of state equality, 397n19 nomos of the Cloud defined, 373 – 374 dividing sovereignty, 19 – 22 drawing landscape-scale calculable interiors, 211 drivers of, 143 Google Grossraum, 34 – 40 introduction, 19 land, sea, and air, 28 – 31 over and under the line, 23 – 28 platform governance and, 341 topography, 111 Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of Jus Publicum Europaeum, The (Schmitt), 25 noncitizen residents in cities, 159, 175, 310, 409n39 noncitizen User, 175 nonhuman-human distinction, 164 – 165, 268, 275 nonhuman-to-human communication, 137, 171 – 172, 198 nonhuman User. See also User AI User, 277 – 279 algorithmic hardware, 348 – 349 animal User, 274 – 277 as co- User, 276 – 277, 349 designing for, 339 enrollment and motivation, 297 – 298 identifying, 345 machine User, 279 – 284 rights of, 345 nonpersonhood, 173 – 175 nonplace, end of, 16 non-state actors with nation-state functions, 10 – 11 nonvisual interfaces, 341, 424n41 Nortel patent bid, 134 North American Free Trade Agreement, 443n23 North Sea wind farms proposal (OMA), 181 No-Stop City project (Archizoom), 149 – 151, 160, 178 – 179 notational systems, 383n4 NSA/CSS Threat Operations Center, US, 441n8 Obama, Barack, 98, 180, 322 Obi-Wan Kenobi, 176 object identifiers, universal, 214 – 215 object-instruments, computational, 227 objects addressability, 214 – 215 agency of, 131 defined, 402n59 essentials of, 260 identifiers, digital, 207, 214 – 215 interface design, 230 – 235 memory of, 212, 215 non-citizen User, 188 object-to-object communication, 197, 210, 212, 216, 338 object-to-object spam, 216 reordering by, 206 semantic relations, 202 – 203 SPIME designation for, 201 – 204 as symbolic artifacts, 212 ocean exploration, 30 oceanic data centers, 113 – 114, 140 Oculus, 127 Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA), 53, 99, 170, 178, 180 – 181 offshoring, 443n23 oil geopolity, 99 Index 487 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=502 | PRINTED_PAGE=488 Oklahoma City Bombing guidelines, 322 Parnet, Clare, 393n50 “ On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem” (Turing), 78 Parsons, Talcott, 385n25 partition in architecture, 391n30 Patriot Act, US, 120, 363 One57, New York, 311 peer-to-peer networking, 206, 215 One Riverside Park, New York, 311 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 211, 223 OOZ (Jeremijenko), 276 Perec, Georges, 75 Open, The (Agamben), 273 persona design, 254, 255 OpenFlow, 437n58 personality, 277 – 278 open government movement, 121 Open Stack, 174 personal mapping technologies, 86, 236, 243, 431n70 open systems interconnection (OSI) network model, 61 – 63 personal mobility systems. See cars: driverless Operation Centurion, Dr. Manuel de la Pila housing block, 312 personal rapid transit (PRT) systems, 282 personhood, 173 – 175, 271, 439n65 opinionlessness, state of, 240 – 241, 426n47 persuasive interfaces, 224, 430n65 O ’ Reilly, Tim, 121 pervasive computing, 113, 172, 301 – 302 Oreskes, Naomi, 457n10 petroglyphs, 309 Organized Chaos, forces of, 445n37 phone-car interface, 280 Ouroboros energy grid, 92 – 96, 294 – 295 physicalization of abstraction, 29, 33 Outer Space Treaty, 456n7 physical-to-virtual binary opposition, 19 “ Outline of a Doctrine of French Policy ” (Koj è ve), 109 Pinochet, Augusto, 59, 385n25 piracy, 380n15 “ Overexposed City, The ” (Virilio), 155 pirate radio, 244 – 245 ownership placebo interfaces, 224 competitive, 332 placefulness, 16, 29, 155 of data, 203, 285, 345 – 346 place-making, 84, 149 – 150, 310 economics of, 282 planetary computational economy, 92 owner- Users, 285 – 286, 345 – 346 planetary data infrastructure, 267 planetary photography, 150, 300, 354 Page, Larry, 134, 139, 281, 315 planetary-scale computation Page Mill Road, 57 architecture, 5, 197 “ PageRank ” (Franceschet), 332 assignment claimed by, 122 PageRank algorithm, 134, 332 cartographic imperative of, 191 Pakistan-India border, 97, 309 Palace of the Soviets, 181 client-side versus server-side critique, 356 – 357 Palantir, 121, 287, 360, 459n20 climactic impact of, 92 – 93, 96 Palestine, 120 design and, 192, 356 Panopticon effect, 363 divides crossed, 27 – 28 paper envelope, 46 ecological governance convergence, 98 parametricism, 160 – 161, 162 – 163 economic geography, effect on, 199 parastates, 446n39 elements of, 5 Parker, Sean, 126 emergence of, 3, 13, 55 488 Index ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=503 | PRINTED_PAGE=489 City layer, designs for, 177 competition between, 50 component standardization, 47 – 48 control-decontrol paradox in, 46 decision-making, 44, 341 – 342 defined, 42, 328, 374, 383n4 diagrams ensnaring actors in, 44 economically sustainable, 48 etymology, 43 exchange value, 51 functions of, 19, 41, 119, 328, 342 future of, 117, 141 – 145, 244, 295, 315 – 316 genealogy of, 42 generic universality, 49 geography, 110 – 112 governing, 109, 119, 143 energy footprint, 82 – 83, 92 – 96, 106 – 107, 113, 140 – 141, 258 – 260, 303 – 304 forms taken, 4 – 5 future of, 351, 356 Google ’ s occupation of, 34 – 40 governance and, 27 jurisdictions, 357 limits to growth, 93 – 94 at microlevel of the object, 191 – 192 neoliberalism and, 21 physical world, relation to, 358 political geography and, 6, 11 real project of, 404n11 space of, 34 – 40, 303 technologies ’ alignment into, 4 – 5 urban design for, 160 Planetary Skin Institute, 88 – 90, 92, 97 – 98, 106, 180, 336, 392n42, 452n67 planetary supersurfaces, 188 – 189 planetary visualization, 452n69 Planet of the Apes, 182 planetology, comparative, 300 – 302, 333, 353 360 plan of action, 43, 342 platform architecture, ideal, 49 – 50 platform-as-state, 7 – 8, 42, 48 – 50, 120 – 123, 140, 295, 315 – 316, 319, 327, 335, 341 platform-based robotics, 138 – 139 platform cities, 183 – 189 platform design, 44, 48, 51 platform economics network value, 159 platform surplus value, 48, 137, 159, 309, 374 User platform value, 309, 375 – 376 User surplus, 48 value versus price, indexing of, 336 platforms accidents of, 51 authority, 57 autonomy, 136, 282, 339 centralization versus decentralization, 48 characteristics of, 47 – 51, 214 identity, 42 information mediated, 46 institutional forms, 44 introduction, 41 – 46 logic, 19, 44, 314 mechanics, 44 – 51 model-to-real correlation, 387n33 network effects, 48 neutrality, 44 origins, 46 overview of, 41 – 46 physicality and tactility of, 129 – 130 platform of platforms, 332 – 333 platform-within-a-platform principle, 284 plots in, 44 as remedy and poison, 5, 133 robotics, shift to, 362 service infrastructures, 116 as stacks, 7 – 8, 42 – 43 standardization, 44 – 46 theory, 41, 47 wars, 110, 123 – 125, 295 platform sovereignty activist stance on, 312 architectural surface interfaciality in, 166 – 167 Index 489 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=504 | PRINTED_PAGE=490 platform sovereignty (cont.) City layer infrastructures role in, 151 – 153 constitutional violence of, 155 deciding exceptions in, 21 decision-making, 32 – 33, 44 defined, 374 derivation of, 37 design, 87 – 88 emergence of, 33, 152 grid programmability providing, 38 guarantees, 151 of nonhuman User, 273 overview of, 51 paradoxes of, 37 principle of, 36 productive accidents of, 37 reversibility, 22, 152 – 153 states, 339 urban envelopes, 159, 258 platform surplus value, 38, 48, 137, 159, 309, 374 platform totalities, 297 plot, 43 – 44 Plug-In City (Archigram), 179 pluralism, 302 – 303 polis, segmentation of, 241 political, the, 6, 30, 379n10 political agency, 173 – 175, 250, 258 political-geographic order, 26, 56 political identity of the User, 260, 347 political machine, stack as, 55 – 58 political philosophy, 20 political rights of the User, 285 political subjectivity, 21, 136, 152, 258, 260, 268 political technology, territory as, 335 political theology, 105, 236, 243, 297, 426n46 politico-theological geographies, 242, 248, 320 – 322 politics agonistic logics of, 180, 247 architectural, 166 – 167 interfacial, 244 – 246 of Internet of Things, 204 norms of, 39 Schmittian, spatial dimension of, 381n24 of ubiquitous computing, 203 “ Politics of the Envelope, The ” (Zaera-Polo), 166 Pontecorvo, Gillo, 244 poor doors, 311 pop futurist media, 432n71 Popper, Karl, 459n19 popular ecology movement, 86 Portzamparc, Christian de, 311 postage stamps, 194 postal identity, 193 – 196, 206 postal system, 132, 153 – 154, 195 post-Anthropocenic geopolitics, 285 post-Anthropocenic User, 264 Postel, John, 319 post-Fordism, 231 posthumanism, 275 post-human User, 285, 287 – 288 “ Postscript on Societies of Control ” (Deleuze), 157 – 158 Pourparlers (Deleuze), 147 Pouzin, Louis, 41 poverty ending, 303, 443n23 interiority/exteriority of, 311 – 312 politics of, 312, 444n30 of working poor, 331 power architecture symbolizing, 325 cultural legitimacy of exercise of, 424n41 of extralegal violence, 317 monopolizing, 308 – 309 shifts in, 233, 312 – 313 power-knowledge asymmetries, 454n75 power of brand, 128, 130 “ Powers of Ten ” (Eames and Eames), 52 power tools, 438n59 preagricultural societies, 149 presence, 205 Price, Cedric, 179, 201 490 Index ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=505 | PRINTED_PAGE=491 Princeton Radio Project, 254 Prism, 9, 121, 320 privacy axiomatization of individual, 409n42 biopolitics of, 159, 360 cost of, 136, 285, 445n37 expectations of, 346 meta-metadata recursivity for, 287 right to, 270, 285 sacralization through encryption, 347 privacy markets, 285, 445n37 private human User, dissolution of, 289 private versus public space, 159 production labor. See workforce product-service system, 438n59 program, 43, 165 – 166, 169 programmer lifestyle, 184 program-platform relationship, 165 – 166 progressivism of high modernity, 178 Project Cybersin (Chile), 58 – 61, 328 Promethean accelerationism, 390n19 property rights, 285 – 286, 380n15, 439n65 prostheticization, 273 – 275, 280 proto-citizenship, 152, 256, 258 protocol politics, 54 proto-cosmopolitanisms, 256 – 257 proto-sovereignty, 297, 312 proto-systems theory, 328 proxy User, 361 pseudo-universalism, 32 psychogeography, 179 – 180 Ptolemaic cosmology, 23, 273 public housing, 311 – 312 Public Smog project, 98 public trust doctrine, 98 pure war, 34, 324 Putin, Vladimir, 135 Pynchon, Thomas, 194 quantification of the User, 258 – 263 Quantified Self movement, 261 – 263, 266 – 267 quasi-cannibal economy, 82 – 83 Radcliffe, Daniel, 184 radio, 244 – 245, 429n62 Radio Project, Princeton, 254 Rainforest Skin, 88 – 89 Rainwater Chinese seeding of, 398n21 harvesting, 98, 339 Rand, Ayn, 253 Raumrevolution, 380n20 Ray, Charles, 257 reality filtering, 429n59 Real-Time Operating system Nucleus, The (TRON) (Sakamura), 59 – 61 “ Red Barchetta ” (Rush), 455n80 Red Plenty (Spufford), 58, 328, 331 – 332 Red Star (Bogdonov), 328 refugee camps, 174 – 175, 308, 312 refugees, 100 – 101, 153, 319, 409n39, 447n45 regional internet registries (RIRs), 207 Regulation National Market System (Reg NMS) (SEC), 451n63 religion Apps, 242 – 243 contemporary, 426n46 etymologies of, 239 fundamentalism, 17, 241, 427n47 religious movements as parastates, 445n39 rituals of, 426n47 of the state, 380n13 technology, qualities associated with the divine, 172 “ Religion in the Age of Digital Reproduction ” (Groys), 239 repentance, automation of, 243 resource economies, 182 retail space, future of, 133 revanchism, 447n45 reverse prostheticization, 274 RFID-enabled objects, 192 right of legitimate force, 357 “ right to the city, ” 174 – 175, 404n10 Rivera, Alex, 308 Robinson, Kim Stanley, 300 Index 491 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=506 | PRINTED_PAGE=492 robotics, 138 – 139, 279, 348, 362. See also cars: driverless robotic terraforming, 181 robot operating system (ROS), 139 robots, 275, 279, 307 robustness principle, 319 romanticism, 324 – 325 Romer, Paul, 310 Rosenzweig, Paul, 441n8 Rubin, Andy, 138 – 139 Rubin, Ben, 265 rule of law, 103, 111, 173 Rwanda, 82 Saarinen, Eero, 186 Sagan, Carl, 75 Sakamura, Ken, 59 – 61 San Salvador, 311 Sassen, Saskia, 416n28 satellite observation technology, 90 – 92 satellites, hacking, 401n45 Saverin, Eduardo, 126 scarcity addressable, 336 artificial, 208 automation and the end of, 328 bandwidth, 117 bitcoin and, 336 – 337 economy of, 208 energy, 93 exchange value and, 51 information, 353, 372 Schmidt, Eric, 113, 134 – 136 Schmitt, Carl, 19, 24 – 27, 29 – 32, 34, 84, 99, 113, 150, 175, 324, 368 – 369, 371, 379n10, 379n12, 397n19 Schmitt, Harrison, 442n11 “ Schmitt App, ” 241 Schr ö dinger ’ s pedestrian, 359 scientific management theory, 254, 285 Scott, James, 8 Scott, Ridley, 128 Scotus, Duns, 417n39 Sea. See also land versus sea beyond the line, 30 French versus English concepts of, 380n15 search, 112, 118, 136 – 138, 202 – 203, 332, 342 “ Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation ” (Dyson), 106 Seasteading Institute, 180 secession, 177, 306 – 307, 309 – 314, 336, 447n43 second planetary computer, 300 – 301 secular disenchantment, 426n46 Securities and Exchange Commission, Regulation National Market System, 451n63 securitized entertainment, 156 security imagine no lines/imagine nothing but lines, 324, 355 interfacial security regimes, 345 post-Oklahoma City Bombing architecture, 322 – 323 trading for, 445n37 utopia of, 311, 321 – 325 security Apps, 241 seeing like a state, 8, 106, 120, 333 self, the care of, 126, 261 dissolution of, 263 fabrication of, 126 mirror reflection of, 253, 264 quantification of, 258 – 263 self-knowledge through numbers, 261 technologies of, 348 self-identity of the User, 258, 261, 263, 274, 345, 362 self-image geographic, 144 human, 71, 253 of the User, 253, 261 self-knowledge through numbers, 261 self-mapping swarms, 265 self-realization, 129 self-reflection of the User, 252 – 253 semantics of the address, 193 semantic web, 202 – 203 “ sensing like a state, ” 340 sensing networks, 303 sensors blanketing Earth, 97, 180, 192, 198, 295 design questions, 342 forming a Cloud of machine sensation, 340 future of, 342 mobile phones as, 342 as User/ User as, 340 September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 321, 363 Serres, Michel, 1, 19, 75, 210, 222 – 223, 238 Shanghai World Expo (2010), 257 – 258, 285, 289 Shannon information, 205, 296 – 297 Shannon ’ s law (Shannon-Hartley Theorem), 92, 393n52 Shaping Things (Sterling), 201 signaling, 148 “ Silicon Valley ’ s Ultimate Exit ” (Srinivasan), 312 – 314 Simondon, Gilbert, 272, 405n26 Singleton, Benedict, 43 – 44, 288 singularity, 401n51 Siri for iOS, 277, 286 skeuomorphic interface designs, 139, 224, 339 skin. See also Earth designability of, 352 – 353 everywhere is, 355 human, 88 question of, 392n42 Sky Ear (Haque), 392n40 SkyGrabber, 401n45 Sleep Dealer (Rivera), 308 Smarr, Larry, 267 – 270, 285, 288 smart cities, 147 – 148, 160 – 162, 179, 181 smart dust, 201 smart grids, 92 – 96, 393n53 smart meters, resistance to, 283 smart space design questions, 201 smart surfaces, 198 Smart2020 (Climate Group), 93 – 94 Smithson, Robert, 53, 86, 178 Snow Crash (Stephenson), 400n42 Snowden, Edward, 35, 121, 287, 405n16 social body, inside/outside of, 22 social capital/social debt, 127 social imaginary, 233 socialism, 332 socialist pricing problem, 333, 369 social media, 9, 262 – 263, 428n58, 431n70 social nudity, 285 social space, 125 – 128, 169, 424n41 social systems City layer as, 157 – 159 classlessness in, 439n65 inclusion/exclusion in, 308 – 309, 311 – 312, 317 social-technical form, emergence of a new, 176 social Turingism, 80 social wallet, 127 software architecture, 166 constructing new civilizations, 181 design, 254 – 255 envelopes, 167 interfaciality, 167 language versus technology dichotomy, 60 law as code, 327 mixed programs, designing for, 168 – 172 and sovereignty, 20, 303 translegal forms, 355 – 356 software espionage, 398n21 software program, 43 software-space coprogramming, 237 – 238 solar energy, 106 Soleri, Paolo, 178 – 179 solidification and liquefaction, 379n9. See also land versus sea sorting, rituals of, 156 South Korea, 179 sovereign defined, 20, 341 User as, 175 – 176, 269, 283, 285 – 287, 297, 347 sovereign decision, 20, 32 – 33 sovereign exception, 20 – 21, 32, 105, 341 sovereign identification, 122 – 123 sovereign markets, 21, 105, 285 sovereign network of the general intellect, 332 sovereign space claim to, 8, 25, 111, 249 – 250 governing strategies, 115 land, sea, and air, 25, 27, 150, 380n15 lines symbolizing, 119 – 120 megastructural, 154 – 155, 176 – 183 monopoly over, 8, 14 satellite domains, 97 sea versus land, 27, 150, 380n15 sovereignty. See also authority; jurisdiction accidental, 296 over borders, 32 – 33 from city surfaces and interfaces, 151 – 155 over communication flows, 194 over data flows, 203 – 204 data producing, 97 derived from property, 285 over displaced citizens of ghost nations, 100 – 101 dividing, 19 – 22 domestic, 20 epidermal mode of, 352 geographic history of, versus Schmittian nomos, 19 Google ’ s challenge to, 34 – 35, 39, 134, 144, 295, 318, 372 infrastructural, beginnings, 33 interdependent, 20 of layers, 314 location of, 327 – 328 meaning of, 36 new forms of, 5 in political philosophy, 20 present-day decline, 443n23 private, 308 – 309, 317 process making, 302 – 303 purpose of, 97 redesigned, Stack-to-come, 294 and territory, 114, 312, 316 transient, 310 Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics space aerial, 25, 27, 30 of animalian identification, 275 architectural, 43, 164 – 165, 343 beyond the line, 30 biopolitical economy of, 22 constructed images versus space-experience 30 data space versus state space, 123 deconcretizing, results of, 27 – 31 dedifferentiated, 33 designable, 353 digital, 91 divisionable, 195 empty, 30, 380n20 of exception, 32 – 33 expressions of embodiment, 424n41 geological, 381n27 geopolitical, 6 global, 19 governance of, 163 of historical existence transformed, 19 information, 31 of mathematics, 337, 352 of networks, 29 private versus public, 159 of relationality between addresses, 205 – 206 retail, future of, 133 social, 125 – 128, 424n41 sovereign claim to, 8, 111, 249 – 250 The Stack ’ s making of, 33 technological and geographic equality of, 27 spacefulness/spacelessness, 30 – 31 Spaceship Earth (Fuller), 178 space-software coprogramming, 237 – 238 spam, 94, 401n51 “ Special Considerations of the Individual as User, Generator, and Retriever of Information ” (Engelbart), 343 492 Index ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=507 | PRINTED_PAGE=493 Index 493 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=508 | PRINTED_PAGE=494 494 Index ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=509 | PRINTED_PAGE=495 Special Economic Zones, 114, 163, 309 politics of, 69 SPIME, 201 – 204 properties, 5, 52 Spivak, Gayatri, 270 purpose of, 107 Spoofing addresses, 361 stability, 250 Spufford, Francis, 58 things incorporated, requirements for, 197 Srinivasan, Balaji, 312 – 315, 319 totalitarianism, resistance to, 69 Stack, The totality of, 213 – 214 as accidental megastructure, 5, 8 – 17, 54, 61, 64, 72, 303, 367 utopian and dystopian machine, 5 that was and might have been, 58 – 61 architecture, 5, 11, 52 – 54, 327 stack effect, 303 axonometric diagram of, 66 Stack model, 2 – 8, 12 – 13, 24, 52 – 55 City layer integration, 154 – 155, 170, 177 Stack space, 34 – 35 conflict in cohering/distributed inscription, 112 Stack-to-come Address layer, 326 – 337 constituent and curatorial, 59 – 60 becoming, 351 constitutive and generative, 58 – 59 building, 357 – 358 decision-making, 37 challenge of seeing, 294 defined, 37, 375 City layer, 314, 320 – 327 design, 38 – 39, 153, 299, 364 Cloud layer, 295 – 296, 307 – 319 emergence, 28 Earth layer, 294 – 295, 300 – 307 energy footprint, 93, 303 fabrication of, 364 examples of, 52 – 54 formation of, 66 future arrived but not named, future named but not arrived, 294 framework, 124 – 125 geoaesthetics and geodesign, 294, 304 – 305 future of, 124 – 125 imagining, 298 – 300 geographies of, 33, 87 – 88 geopolitical geography, 4 – 5, 33, 65, 176 Interface layer, 297 – 299, 337 – 343, 347, 432n71 governance, 69, 111, 287 possibility of, 303 – 305 historical precedents, 58 – 64 made useful, 298 identity, 37, 65 User layer, 296 – 297, 313 – 314, 343 – 349 infrastructure, 90, 93, 101 – 102 Stack transportation, 280 integral accident of, 365 Stack urbanism, 149, 159 – 160, 405n11 interfacial systems, 228 – 229 Stack-versus-Stack warfare, 298, 326, 346 limits of, 85, 92 – 94 location of humans in, 253 Stack-we-have, 61 – 66, 293 – 300, 363 – 365. See also specific layers as megastructure, 197 standards, 45, 46, 54 metaplatform, 65, 284 Stark, Tony, 249 metatechnology, 214 Star Wars, 155, 242 nomos of, 235 state objects in, 200 – 204 authority, 6, 295, 318 and its others, 355 – 358 cartography function of, 119 – 120 platforms as, 7 – 8, 42 – 43 Cloud-based, 109, 119 – 121, 295, 316, 327, as political machine, 55 – 58 399n36, 441n8 Index 495 下一段：[继续读取](https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341.md?start=510&limit=10)