The Stack On Software and Sovereignty

state (cont.)

surveillance

data rights, 123

address, 215 – 216

definition and redefinition, 11

apparatuses of, 121, 138, 215

emergence of The Stack and, 6 – 7

culture of, 363

future of, 13 – 14

geolocative Apps enforcing, 243

market planning versus, 329 – 330

jurisdiction over, 28, 121

official seal of, 194

metadata for, 287

outsourcing labor costs to, 331

NSA/Patriot Act, 35, 120, 287

privatization of, 316 – 317

satellite technology, 90 – 92

rights of, 20

self-exception, 22

surveillance-sousveillance contravention, 454n75

sovereignty of, 20, 380n13

surveillance state, 8, 106, 138, 192, 327

territories, delinking from, 316 surveilled, spectacle of transparence for, 452n70

state-as-machine, 7 – 13, 34, 40, 65, 373

Survival Research Laboratories, 57

state-as-network, 11, 123

swarms, 281 – 282, 334

state-as-platform, 7 – 8, 42, 48 – 50, 120 – 123, 140, 295, 315 – 316, 319, 327, 335, 341

swerve, 77

synthetic algorithmic intelligence, 81

state equality, nomos of, 397n19

synthetic catallaxy, 330 – 331, 375

state-ful and state-less persons, 319, 447n45

synthetic computation, 198, 352

statelessness, 319, 447n45

synthetic intelligence, 362

state of emergency, 32 – 33, 99, 102 – 103, 105

systems theory, 54

state services apparatus, 295, 315 – 316

state space versus data space, 123

tactile technology, 148, 177, 224, 226

Stephenson, Neal, 400n42

tactility of the virtual, 129 – 130, 148

Sterling, Bruce, 201, 400n42, 441n8

Tafuri, Manfredo, 304

Strong Arm Against Crime (Mano Dura Contra el Crimen), 312

Tangible Media Group, MIT, 226

tangible user interfaces (TUI), 168, 226

Stross, Charles, 107

Stuxnet virus, 154

Tarde, Gabriel, 125, 266, 334, 340

subjectification, apparatuses of, 164 – 165, 173 – 174

subjectification effect, 206

subjectivity, 174, 256, 272 – 273

Tarde-Durkheim debate, 266

suicide bombers, 426n46

Summa Technologica (Lem), 341

Sun Microsystems, 396n8

Sunstein, Cass, 459n19

Super Bowl ad (Apple), 128, 402n57

TaskRabbit, 308

Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 254, 285, 297

TCP/IP network model, 61 – 63, 319

Tati, Jacques, 147

Superstudio, 86, 178, 179

supply chains, 9, 83, 131, 188, 201 – 202. See also Amazon

technical-institutional systems, 329 – 330

technolibertarianism, 312 – 314, 316 – 317, 329

technological innovation, 45, 62, 79, 92, 129, 163, 330

technologicization of intelligence, 278

technology

accidents of new, 273, 356

surfaces, interface design, 230 – 231

borders of, 29

computational, limits of, 78 – 79

496

Index

embodying human mastery, 344 – 345 future of, 303 – 304, 341 governance and, 7 – 8 qualities associated with the divine, 172 of social organization, 336 for the Stack-to-come, availability of, 303 – 305 tactile, 148, 224, 226 for violence, 17, 325 technopolitics, 115 technoradicalism, placebo, 303 – 304 Tektology, 328 telematic stigmergy, 428n58 telephone line service, 29 telescopic logics, global/local, 16, 101, 178, 197, 220, 229, 235, 266 Ten Books of Architecture (Vitruvius), 254 terraforming, 85 – 86, 115 – 116, 181, 187, 404n11 territory addresses defining, 193 – 195, 296 Cloud layer, 154 elements of, 335 exceptional, 114 geometry of, 25 Google ’ s Grossraum delaminating, 295 intelligent, 198 lines of demarcation, 32 megastructural, 154 – 155, 176 – 183 networks producing, 29 as political technology/political technology as, 335 and sovereignty, 97, 114, 119 – 120, 312, 316 urban interfacial, 155 – 160 territory of territories, 246 – 247 terrorism counterterrorism discourse, 324, 355 Mumbai attacks (2008), 17, 242, 247 – 248, 322, 428n58, 431n70 September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 321, 363 War on Terror, 320 – 321 textuality as addressability, 199 – 200

theo-interfaciality, 239 – 243
theological imperative of augmented reality,
429n61
theological memory, 240, 297
theology, 125, 149. See also political theology
Theory of Everything, 439n65
Theseus ’ paradox, 260, 263, 360
They Live (Carpenter), 427n51
Thiel, Peter, 126, 180, 360
“ Thing, The ” (Heidegger), 131, 421n19
“ Things, The ” (Watts), 1, 251
thing-to-thing communication, 197 – 198, 210,
216
Thompson, D ’ Arcy, 161
threat. See also terrorism
in airports, 156
to atmospheric universalism, 136
economic, avoiding, 359
Massumi on, 101
state implied, 347
3FN, 400n42
thresholds, interfaces as, 228
Thrun, Sebastian, 281
tick, life world of, 393n50
Timberlake, James, 322
Time Machine, The (Wells), 189
Tomagotchi, 277
tomorrow, corporate funded use of, 432n71
topological imaginary, 162
Tor browser, 405n16
Tor User, 110
totalitarian future-present, 320 – 327
totalitarianism, 214, 250, 455n75
totality, 214
totality machines, 229
total war, 30, 34, 324
Toya, 353
traceability, 206
Transborder Immigrant Tool (TBIT), 173 – 176
transformation of the world, 339, 354
Transformers, The, 280
transhumanism, 253
transistor radio, 243 – 244, 429n62

Index

497

transportation-as-platform, 139
transportation systems, 46, 282. See also cars
traps, 288
Treasuremap, 441n8
Treaty of Bern, 194
Treaty of Westphalia, 5 – 6, 355, 376. See also Westphalian state
Triumphal Arch of Maximilian I (D ü rer), 53, 181
TRON (The Real-Time Operating system Nucleus) (Sakamura), 59 – 61
Tsar Bomba, 182
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin, 328
tungsten (wolframite), 82
Turing, Alan, 78 – 80, 262, 388n5, 389n9
Turing test, 78, 81, 362
Turkey, 403n63
Twitter, 401n47, 403n63, 428n58
2001: A Space Odyssey, 319
Typhoon Morakot, 96
Uber, 308
ubiquitous computing, 198, 200 – 201, 203, 212, 260, 338, 341, 356
Uexk ü ll, Jakob von, 264, 393n50
Unidad Popular (Chile), 58
UN International Telecommunications Union, 123
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 58 – 61, 182, 309, 325, 328 – 329
United Kingdom, financial crisis, 123
United Nations globalism, 32
United Parcel Service (UPS), 131, 133
United States Air Force, 381n27 bombing, 325 carbon footprint, 259 data-gathering, 363 Department of Defense, 27, 441n8 embassy buildings, 322 federal Stack programs, 441n8 Google ’ s line with, 135 information transparency, 399n39 Internet development, influence on, 196 jurisdictional integration, 309 Mexico border, 172 – 173, 308, 323, 409n42 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 88, 300 National Security Agency (NSA), 35, 120, 283, 287, 363, 413n75 planetary computational space, 34 – 40 software espionage, 398n21 subdividing with postal codes, 195 superjurisdictional enforcement, 123, 125 surveillance, 35, 120, 287
universalization, deterritorializing, 31 – 32
Universal Postal Union, 194
universal Turing machine, 78 – 79, 82, 110, 262
universal User, 257 – 258, 264, 274
uProxy, 361
urban design, 160 – 163, 168 – 172, 248, 296, 442n14
urban envelopes, 153, 172, 258
urban fabric, 296
urban grid, 149 – 151, 160, 170, 178 – 179, 229, 296
urban interfaces, 223, 227 – 228 airports as, 155 – 157 Apps, 168 – 169, 237 architecture ’ s, 166 capitalizing, 159 governance of, 155 – 157, 163, 326 lines of interiority/exteriority, 151 politics of, 160 tangible, 168 – 169 territories, 155 – 160
urbanism of enclosure and mobility, 148 Foster ’ s genre of, 181 militarized luxury, 311 off-planet, 181
Urbanium pavilion (Shanghai World Expo), 257 – 258
urban platforms, 149, 326
urban services capital streams, 159
urban space design and organization of, 160 – 162

498

Index

inhabitants of, 152

identification of, 362

interiority/exteriority, 148

identity, 49, 68, 141, 145, 260, 347

pervasive computing in, 172

inclusion/exclusion, 148, 174, 184

rights of the User to, 174 – 175, 404n10

individual as, 343

subdivision of, 149 – 150, 163 – 164

individuation, 297, 345 – 348

urban surface, 149 – 150, 296

information, instant access to, 116 – 118

use case modeling, 255

uselessness, 447n45

maximal, 267 – 271, 297 – 298 ( see also User: absolute)

use/not own service economy, 285

noncitizen, 175

User. See also nonhuman User

origins of, 254 – 256

absolute, 262 – 264, 274 ( see also User: maximal)

platforms accessible, 49

platform value, 309, 375 – 376

accidental sovereignty, 296

post-Anthropocenic, 264

accountability, 345, 347 – 348

posthuman, 271 – 274, 285, 287 – 288

agency, 164 – 165, 174, 238, 255, 258, 260, 338, 347 – 348

privacy, 270, 285, 454n75

Amazon model, 131 – 133, 186

proto-citizenship, 256, 258

proto-sovereignty, 297

anonymity, 347, 360, 362

quantified, 258 – 264

Apple model, 128 – 131

as automaton, 139, 254, 285, 297, 344 redrawing by the Cloud through the App, 238

autonomy, 309, 346

remaking the world, 228

characteristics of, 252 – 253

replacing, 364

City layer, 148 – 149, 152, 157, 163 – 164, 168

rights of, 285 – 286, 345, 362

claims on, 172

rituals of filtering and sorting, 156

cognitive capability, 110, 116, 203, 237, 241, 255, 258, 295

self-identity, 258, 261, 263, 274, 314, 345, 360, 362

to come, 326, 343 – 349

self-image, 253, 261, 270

composite, 281, 362

simplification of The Stack for, 219

culpability, 346

social domains of, 127, 232

customization of services for, 255

sovereignty, 298

death of, 260, 271 – 274, 361, 370, 436n42

Stack interactions, 219, 229, 253 – 254, 259 –

defined, 251, 362

design of, 164 – 166, 256 – 257, 266 – 267, 284 – 289, 298, 343 – 349, 359

Stacks-to-come, 298 – 299

tactically savvy, 177

energy footprint, 113

traces of encounters, 265 – 267, 269, 340

Facebook and, 125 – 128

virtual envelopes organizing, 167

formation of, 266, 270

visual outline of, 253, 264, 270 – 271

geopolitics, 257 – 258, 360

User assemblages, recombinant, 284 – 285

Google model, 134 – 141

User-as-sensor, 340

governance of, 49, 159, 245 – 246

User-as-sovereign, 175 – 176, 269, 283, 285 – 287, 297, 347

government as a platform image of, 120 – 121

growth in, 112, 208

human, prioritizing, 203

User-centered design, 253, 256 – 257, 261, 284 – 289, 298, 344, 359

Index

499

User-centric Cloud services, 129
User-citizens, 115, 159, 299
User communities, 288 – 289
User habitat, 164 – 165, 236 – 239
User-hacker distinction, 35 architectural expression, 296 to come, 296 – 297, 313 – 314, 343 – 349 defined, 375 – 376 design brief, 264, 360 – 361 geodesign, 286 introduction, 71, 251 – 254
User layer interactions Cloud layer, 124, 154, 168, 187 Earth layer, 154 Interface layer, 12, 233, 253, 297, 299, 338
User-migrant-subject status, 172 – 173, 409n42
User networks, surveilling, 287
User-passenger in driverless cars, 279 – 280
User profile, 258 – 261, 263 – 265, 269 – 270
User-redesignable systems, 319
User-subject biopolitical, 22 conjoined by proxy, 361 cybernetic, 253, 270 data-driven, 258 – 263 formation and reformation of, 255 – 256, 263 – 264, 348 fragility of, 260 neutral utilitarianism, 344 political, 258, 297, 454n75 subjectivity, 272 – 273
User subjectivity, 71, 222, 250, 260 – 261, 271, 344
User subjectivization, 265, 271 – 274
User surplus value, 48
User-system symmetry, 342
User-to- User connections, 67
User-versus- Cloud arms race, 405n16
utopia Apple ’ s offer of, 187 and dystopia, 23, 180, 319 – 320, 323, 355 – 356, 446 – 447n45 information visualization creating, 301, 323 language of, 359 megastructures as, 176 – 183 of security, 311, 321 – 325 unrealized, 58 – 60, 328 Walmart as, 330 – 331
Utopia (island), 249
utopianism, 235, 320 – 327, 442n14 archaeology, 328 – 329 political theology, 243 regression to, 304 – 305, 442n14 utopian imaginary, 235

addressing schemes locating and coordinating, 199

value. See also platform surplus value

indexing of, 336

information value, 332

things-with-value, 199

Value Added (Aozaki), 214 – 215

Van Alen, William, 183

vehicles, autonomous. See cars: driverless

vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, 281 – 282, 438n60

Verne, Jules, 435n32

very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), 87

Viking (NASA), 300, 302

Ville Spatiale (Friedman), 179

Vinge, Vernor, 201

Vi ñ oly, Rafael, 311

violence. See also war

Agamben on, 159, 173 – 174

architecture and, 357

borders of, 309, 311, 325

city in relation to, 311, 322 – 323, 325

constituted and constitutive, 20, 22, 81, 155, 159, 317

designing for, 105

drama of, law and, 21

future of, 346

interfaces of, 317, 325

legitimate, 9, 20, 122, 250

medium of, 242

500

Index

motivated acts of, 240 – 241

cyber, 27

projected and preemptive, 85

cyberbio, 215

Virilio, Paul, 13, 17, 27, 91, 155 – 157, 160, 172, 265 – 267, 324

economy of contemporary, 248

financing, 82 – 83

virtual borders, 123

global, Schmitt ’ s prediction of, 30, 34

virtual envelopes, 12, 70, 167 – 170, 173, 175, 194

hacking, 401n45

virtual systems, weight of, 393n54 imagine no lines/imagine nothing but lines, 324, 355

vision machines, 8

infrastructural informational, 154, 346

Vissman, Cornelia, 30

military/civilian deployments, 325

visual Cloud, 127

pure, Virilian, 324

Vitruvian Man (Leonardo), 254, 273

refugees from, 409n39

Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus, 254

remapping, 17, 242, 247 – 248

Voice of Fighting Algeria (VFA), 244 – 245

of the soundwaves, 244 – 245, 429n62

voice-versus-exit dichotomy, 286, 309, 313, 319

spatial, 431n70

Stack-versus-Stack, 298, 326, 346

volumetric grid, 37

technology of, 17

Voluntary Prisoners of Architecture (OMA), 53, 178, 180

total, Schmittian, 324

weaponized augmented reality, 242

weapons design for, 346

Walking City project (Archigram), 180

War on Terror, 320 – 321

walled gardens. See also borders

Washington, George, 260

Apple ’ s, 130

water, 98, 312, 319, 354, 444n30

Black Stack, 352

water-based data centers, 113 – 114, 140

bunker ’ s compared, 187

Watson Research Center (IBM), 186

deep address, 213

Watts, Peter, 1, 251, 343

ideological apophenia in, 359

wealth gap, 308 – 309, 311 – 312, 317

perfect, 314

topography, 206, 316

weaponized augmented reality, 242

TRON, 60

weaponized mathematics, 278

urban-scale, prioritization of, 177

weaponized skeuomorphism, 224, 234 – 235

utopian, 130

User occupation of, 206, 245

weaponized transurban software, 154

virtual states versus, 136

weather data, 97 – 98

Weber, Max, 7 – 8, 45, 254

Walmart, 111, 131, 186, 330, 359, 449nn52 – 53

Weber, Samuel, 431n70

Weizman, Eyal, 53 – 54

“ Walmart as Utopia ” (Jameson), 330 – 331

Wells, H. G., 189

Walmart Banking, 127

Westphalian state, 5 – 7, 14, 20 – 21, 33, 85, 173, 176 – 177, 376, 397n19

Walton, Sam, 45

What Is Philosophy? (Deleuze and Guattari), 378n13

“ Who Will Build the Ark? ” (Davis), 304 – 305

aerial, 27

WikiLeaks, 9, 110

City versus City, 154

Wikipedia, 9, 125

Index

501

Wilkins, John, 42
Wilkinson, Clive, 184
Williams, Stanley, 102
Wilson, Edward O., 385n25
Wilsonian globalism, 32
Witmore, Michael, 199
workampers, 111
workforce agricultural, 307 – 308 Amazon ’ s, 186, 307, 443n19 Apple ’ s, 186 – 187 automation and dehumanization of, 254, 285, 307 – 308, 344 Facebook ’ s, 185 factory cities, 130 – 131, 179, 189 fulfillment centers, 111, 186, 443n19 Google ’ s, 184 – 185 outsourced and re-outsourced, 111 poverty, 331 programmer lifestyle, 184 third-world countries, 443n23, 449n52 unemployed, 307
working poor, 331
world city as, 151 digital simulation of, 363 – 364 end of, 359 interfaces, 149
“ World, The ” (Perec), 75
world-making/world-erasure projects, 91 – 92, 267
World Trade Center, 321
Writers against Mass Surveillance, 293

Yanukovych, Viktor, 347
Young, Neil, 412n69
Yugoslavian civil war, 23
Zaera-Polo, Alejandro, 166 – 167, 175
Zee Town, Facebook, 185
zero-sum economics, 336
zettaflop computing, 102
Ž i ž ek, Slavoj, 241, 426n46, 427n51
zombie jurisdictions, 296
zone of habitation, 22
Zuckerberg, Mark, 185

502

Index