Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx

380

Notes

Notes

381

70 Figures given in Ministry of Labour and Employment, "India, Informal Sector In India , Approaches for Social Security".

71 "Labour Shortage Threat to Indian Call Centre Growth", UNI 2006, http:/www.uni-

ilc.org/docs/Labour%20shortage%20threat%20to%20Indian %20call%20c entre%20growth.pdf

Chapter Ten: Global Capital in the New Age

1 WTO Annual Reports, 1998 and 2008.

2 UNCTAD Investment Brief, Number 1 (2007).

3 UNCTAD World Investment Report 2008 and International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2008, Database: Countries.

4 Multinational firms (eg IT, Ford, Coca-Cola) had existed in the prewar period. But they were not generally based upon integrated international research and production. So the British subsidiary of a US car firm would generally develop and market its own models independently of what happened in Detroit. Insofar as there was international organization of production, it was by firms based in the metropolitan countries controlling the output of foodstuffs and raw materials in the Third World, as for instance Unilever or Rio Tinto Zinc did.

5 Financial Times, Survey: World Banking, 22 May 1986.

6 A Calderon and R Casilda, "The Spanish Banks Strategy in Latin America", CEPAL Review 70, 2000, pp78-79.

7 As above, p79.

8 UNCTAD press release, available at http:/www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=2426&intltem1D=20 79&lang=l

9 See, for a prime example of how such nonsense could become a fashionable commodity just before the last world recession, Charles Leadbetter's much hyped book of the late 1990s, Living on Thin Air (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 2000).

10 Quoted in the Financial Times, 20 June 1988.

1 1 Business Week, 1 4 May 1990.

12 V Forrester, The Economic Horror (London, Polity, 1 999), pp18-19.

13 Naomi Klein, No Logo (London, Flamingo, 2000), p223.

14 John Holloway, "Global Capital and the National State", in Werner Bonefeld and John Holloway, Global Capital, National State and the Politics of Money (New York, St Martin's Press, 1995), pl25. Holloway does at one point recognise that productive capital is less mobile than money capital, but then goes on to ignore the effect of this distinction on the relations between capitals and states.

15 Speech to Congress, 6 March 1991.

16 N Harris, The End of the Third World (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1 987), p202.

17 Scott Lash and John Urry, The End of Organised Capitalism (London, Polity Press, 1 987).

18 Suzanne de Brunhoff, "Which Europe Do We Need Now? Which Can We Get?" in Riccardo Bellofiore (ed), Global Money, Capital Restructuring, and the Changing Patterns of Labour (Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 1999), p50.

19 D Bryan, "Global Accumulation and Accounting for National Economic Identity", Review of Radical Political Economy, 33 (2001 ), pp57-77.

20 Alan M Rugman and Alain Verbeke, "Regional Multinationals and Triad

382

Notes

Notes

383

Chapter Eleven: Financialisation and the Bubbles That Burst

384

Notes

Notes

385

386

Notes

Notes

387

Chapter Twelve: The New Limits of Capital

388

Notes

Chapter Thirteen: The Runaway System

and the Future for Humanity

1 By Alex Callinicos in the column he writes for Socialist Worker.

Notes

389