Digital Capitalism

public internet platforms 68–69, 317

quaternary communication technologies 136
Qui, Jack 242

quinary communication technologies 136

racism

in age of digital labour 239–246
patriarchy 246–250

racist ideology, digital labour 244–246

radio 102, 124, 136, 162, 219–220, 296, 299, 306

global advertising revenue 220

recreation sector, labour productivity in 298
reification 79–80

reified consciousness ideology 79–88 on Internet 84–88

relative surplus-value production 48–49

reproductive labour 10, 59–60, 204, 232–239, 244, 246–248, 250, 271

research future 208–211 key areas 202–208

retail 30–31, 109, 121

as element of technological fetishism 95 right-wing authoritarianism 84–88, 112 role of accumulation 29

Schumpeter, Joseph 12
scientific socialism 42–45, 71
secondary communication technologies 136

security 30, 54, 59, 121, 209, 243, 265

servitude 242

slave labour 10, 263, 315

slavery in age of digital labour 239–246 in age of Facebook 239–244

Smythe, Dallas 3, 5, 7, 9, 34, 75, 125, 150, 153, 155, 157–159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171–173, 194–196, 212, 232, 253, 271–272, 303, 311

social media 1, 5, 17, 19, 22–24, 44, 63, 68, 99–101, 106, 108, 112–113, 121–125, 137, 158, 163, 171, 173–176, 178–180, 182–183, 191, 193, 195–202, 204, 207–208, 214–221, 223–224, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237–239, 241–242, 246, 250–251, 258, 260–261, 264, 281–282, 285, 316, 318, 327–329 audience labour, digital labour 161–162 big data 193–212

social media ideology 223–225

social media research 177–192

social relations 17–19, 42, 81–82, 88, 99, 110–111, 128, 130, 145, 150, 161–162, 182, 184, 197–198, 233–234, 244, 248, 259, 267, 278

social science computational 42–45 as digital positivism, computational critique 71

social struggles 23–24, 28, 71, 147, 181–182, 229, 268, 312, 315

socialism 6–7, 23–24, 36, 41–45, 63, 68–71, 73, 102, 132, 143, 147–148, 194, 315, 317 scientific 42–45, 71
society 46–48

326

Index

alienation in 138
concept of 128–131
levels of 133

Sombart, Werner 11–12

speech patterns 113

strong leadership 86, 99 right-wing authoritarian ideology 86
structures capitalist society 21, 141 communication 128–129 economic/non-economic 129–131 material/non-material 129–131

as element of technological fetishism 95 subvertisement 151

surveillance 32–33, 64, 69, 73, 91, 96, 137, 160–162, 170–171, 207, 209, 211, 229, 232, 315 audience labour, digital labour 161

targeted advertising 9, 87, 91, 157, 161–162, 164, 194, 207, 209–211, 213, 219, 221–223, 279, 295 audience labour, digital labour 162 crisis 219–223

technological fetishism 94, 100, 267 big data capitalism 94–96 features of 95–96 optimism 95–96 pessimism 95–96

technological optimism 95

technologies for communication primary 136 quaternary 136 quinary 136 secondary 136 tertiary 136

technology 46–48 as one-dimensional cause, digital determinism 95

television 107, 149, 157, 170, 173, 207, 219–220, 236–237, 295–296, 298–299, 302, 306 global advertising revenue 220

tertiary communication technologies 136

theorists 39–174

tools 8, 85, 87, 98, 100, 150, 186, 236, 248

top-down leadership, in digital authoritarianism 113–114

trade unions 7, 61, 63–64, 69, 72, 209, 249, 315

transnational digital corporations 32, 52, 59–61, 71–72, 314

Trump, Donald 30, 87, 105, 113, 117–118, 125, 244, 252, 315 on military affairs 118 speech patterns 113

“Twitter and Facebook Revolutions,” 223–225

types of labour, characteristics of 248

types of means of communication 136

Uber’s self-presentation, worker freedom model 58

understanding communications today, elements in Marx’s works, social struggles 180

unions 72

United Kingdom, Arts and Humanities Research Council 179

unpaid digital labour 203, 231, 247–248, 250

USA 50, 54, 84–86, 115, 166, 214–217, 235, 237–238, 245–246, 269, 276, 296 capital share in 217

Index

327

economic development in 215
reproductive labour in, hours per week
236
wage share in 216

value, Marx’s labour theory of, information
industry 277–295
varieties of capitalism 14–16
violence, in digital authoritarianism 117–119
voluntary servitude 242
wage labour 10, 203, 251
waste production 151
Weber, Max 13–16
Williams, Raymond 9, 111, 125, 131, 155,
194, 198–200, 212, 272–273

working class digital condition 45–61 absolute surplus-value production, at

Foxconn 49–53
Boltanski, Luc 55
Chiapello, Eve 55
Facebook labour 59–60
Google, play labour 53–56
Outlines of Critique of Political Economy
47
platform workers 57–59
relative surplus-value production 48–49
society 46–48
technology 46–48
struggles in digital capitalism 61–70,
73, 216

YouTube 4, 9, 69, 91, 99, 110, 149, 157, 159, 177–178, 193, 203, 206–207, 210, 230, 232, 271, 280

Zuboff, Shoshana 32

328

Index