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# Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age The Spirit of Networks

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3. See http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=13.08&topic=tech&img=1.

4. For example, the annual sales of these companies range from \$14.8 billion (Eli Lilly) to \$64.6 billion (Procter & Gamble). The cumulative annual net income of these four companies is \$15 billion, and they employ 371,600 workers. Information on these companies was compiled from Forbes.com, Hoovers. com, and the Business and Company Resource Center, all of which are publicly available online.

5. See Mark Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties,” American Journal ofSociology, 78 (May 1973): 1360–80. Granovetter groundbreaking article made a theoretical connection between micro and macro analysis of the economy, arguing that it is weak individual ties (of acquantances) rather than strong ties (of friends) that have a greater role in the operation of the ecnomy.

6. Colgate-Palmolive’s annual sales are \$11.5 billion, its annual net income is \$1.38 billion, and it has 35,800 employees.

7. http://www.innocentive.com.

8. See http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.06&topic=crowds& img=3.

9. Online Etymology Dictionary, s.v. “Company,” http://www.etymonline.com.

10. The American Heritage Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987), s.v. “Company.”

11. See Michael Perelman, Railroading Economics: The Creation of the Free Market Mythology (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2006).

12. The word “amateur” comes from the Latin root “love.”

13. See http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.02&topic=lego&img=2.

14. See http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.02&topic=lego&img=5; http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.02&topic=lego&img=6; http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.02&topic=lego&img=7; http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.02&topic=lego&img=8.

15. See: http://www.wired.com/wired/images.html?issue=14.02&topic=lego&img=4.

16. The Wired 40 is an annual list of 40 companies judged by the magazine to be “the most Wired.” It is the digital equivalent of the Fortune 100, focusing not only on financial parameters, but also on parameters construed to embody the digital spirit, such as use of network technology and pursuit of innovation.

Chapter 6

1. In academic discourse, this idea is articulated in actor-network theory (Latour 2005; Law and Hassard 1999; Callon 1991).

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Chapter 7

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