Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age The Spirit of Networks

References

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242

References

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244

References

References

245

Index

acceleration, 46, 58, 59, 60, 72, 115, 116, 124, 145, 207, 213, 215

adaptation, 5, 9, 10, 46, 48, 52, 53, 57–61, 63, 67, 68–69, 72, 78, 121, 143, 164, 174, 177, 179, 180, 190, 208, 213, 216, 219

ad hoc assemblages, 6, 100, 113, 211, 213, 215

ad hoc project, 20, 24, 46, 58, 97, 128, 178, 213, 215, 225

Adorno, Theodor, 19, 203

ageism, 95–96

Agger, Ben, 46, 85

Aglietta, Michel, 20

alienation, 3–4, 6, 9, 11, 23–24, 26–28, 83, 84, 85, 87, 99–100, 102, 115, 137, 141–43, 208, 214, 217–19, 225

amateurs. See professionals; work

Amazon, 138, 139

Americanism and Fordism (Gramsci), 175–76

American Society of Magazine Editors, 35

Anderson, Chris, 32, 51, 108, 129, 138–40

ant algorithm, 52

antiestablishment, 92, 214

antiglobalization movement, 225

Aronowitz, Stanley, xi, 11, 17, 19, 82, 116, 119, 199

artificial intelligence, 51, 108, 167, 169, 206

Ashford, Nigel, 64, 66, 69, 71

assemblage, 6, 100, 113, 127, 138, 163, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 225

assembly line, 3, 7, 114, 115–16, 138, 141, 176, 217,

atomization, 58–59, 61, 67, 71, 118, 130, 142–43, 225

audiences, 38, 109–11, 129,

Aune, James Arnt, 26–27, 73

automation, 119, 177

Babbage, Charles, 200

Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo, 32

Barbrook, Richard, 26–27, 73, 75, 84

Barker, Chris, 39

Barney, Darin, 22, 208

Barthes, Roland, 16, 40, 123

Battelle, John, 32

Baudrillard, Jean, 16

Bauman, Zygmunt, 20–21, 24, 46, 136, 142

BBC, 29–30

Beck, Ulrich, 21, 46, 50

Bell, Daniel, ix, 16, 22, 89, 97, 103–4, 138, 218, 226

Beniger, James, 22, 226

Benkler, Yochai, 32

Best, Steve, 19, 26, 73–74

beta products, 131–32

Bijker, Wiebe, 17, 184, 189, 229

binarism, 9, 157, 174, 198

Block, Fred, 46, 72, 74

blogs, 32–33, 108–11, 138, 200

Bodow, Steve, 149

body, 16, 18, 145, 146–54, 158, 161, 174–75, 177–80, 191; technologization of, 153

Boltanski, Luc, 3, 23–26, 72, 93, 105, 142–43, 163, 178, 223, 226

Bonabeau, Eric, 51

Borgmann, Albert, 19, 195

Borsook, Paulina, 26, 73, 92–93, 163

Bourdieu, Pierre, 22, 40, 74

Boyer, Robert, 20

brain, 50, 157–62, 173, 206,

BrainGate, 157, 161

Brand, Stewart, 163, 232

Branwyn, Gareth, 157

Brate, Adam, 180

Braverman, Harry, 17, 82, 116, 119

Bravo, 121

Bronson, Po, 96–97, 99

Brooks, Kate, 35

Brown, Janelle, 154–56, 170

Browning, John, 61

Buchanan, Mark, 32

bureaucracy, 23, 46, 92, 162, 213

bureaucratic organization, 3, 11, 53, 87–88, 101, 102, 104, 105, 124, 126, 133, 163, 177, 214, 217,

Burstein, Dan, 32–33

Californian Ideology, 73

Callinicos, Alex, 223

Callon, Michel, 195, 231

Cameron, Andy, 26–27, 73, 75, 84

capital (social class), 4, 7, 17, 21, 46, 47, 77, 82, 88–89, 92, 93, 97, 98, 103, 116, 117–19, 140, 141, 156, 214, 218–19, 221

capital accumulation, 20, 25, 45, 89, 90–91, 103, 117, 123, 128, 139, 143, 156–57, 221

capitalism: crisis of, 20, 45, 47; frictionfree, 5, 11, 48, 62, 79, 212; new, 1–2, 21, 22, 26, 74, 94, 105–6, 108, 123, 130, 178, 179, 183, 218–19, 221, 226, 227. See also Fordism; post-Fordism

capitalists, 16, 83, 88–91, 95–96, 97, 104, 115, 116. See also workers

capitalist society, 2, 4, 9–10, 20–22, 27, 34, 35, 47, 72, 104, 208–9, 211, 217, 222, 226–27

Capps, Robert, 152–53

Carnegie Mellon’s Mobile Robot Laboratory, 186

Castells, Manuel, 18, 20–22, 26, 45–46, 81, 84, 101, 127, 136, 211, 225–26

Cemex, 53

centralization, 4, 9, 20, 21, 22, 24, 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, 61, 64, 65, 100–101, 116, 139, 164, 196, 208, 212, 213, 220, 222

Channell, David, 194–95

chaos, 5, 32, 46, 48, 55–63, 68–71, 72, 186, 212, 229

Chaplin, Charles, 3

Chiapello, Ève, 3, 23–26, 40, 72, 93, 105, 142, 163, 178, 223, 226

Chouliaraki, Lilie, 39–40

civil society, 4, 16, 36, 71, 218, 224; militarization of, 101

class, 82, 83, 88, 89, 93, 95, 102, 117; anxious, 102; creative, 84; vs. networks, 6, 94, 100, 142; nexus of technology, work, and, 83, 89, 90, 97, 104; virtual, 84; working, 7, 9, 16, 21, 88, 89, 124, 141, 219, 224

class compact. See social compact

class conflict, 9, 11, 104, 143

class consciousness, 102–5

classical liberalism, 66

class inequality, 46

classless society, 9, 79, 94, 103–4, 220

class struggle, 16, 17, 81–82, 104

Cloward, Richard, 21, 46

cognitive map, 15, 48, 211

Colgate-Palmolive, 126, 231

collaboration, 109–11, 114, 215; vs. competition, 137, 215

collaborative action, 110

collaborative production, 7, 51, 107, 109, 111–12, 114–16, 126, 130, 132, 137–38, 141, 214. See also social production

collective bargaining, 21, 102, 124 collective intelligence, 111–12, 114, 124

248

Index

Collins, Jane, 35

Coming ofPost-Industrial Society, The, 89, 97, 103–4

communication, 7, 8, 9, 49, 52, 75, 85, 108, 141, 174, 187–90, 192–93, 194, 196, 197, 208, 216

companies, 5, 6, 7, 20, 24, 46, 48, 57, 58, 62, 66, 72, 79, 86, 94, 95, 96, 98, 102, 107, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124–31, 135–36, 138–41, 215; vertical vs. horizontal model of, 46, 101. See also network

competition, 6, 69, 70, 100, 116, 140, 215, 226. See also collaboration

complexity, 32, 46, 50, 53, 56–57, 61, 65, 70, 74, 166, 179, 189, 191, 194

computer. See media

computer program, 113, 167–69, 187, 193

computer program bugs, 31, 131

computing, 164–66, 197, 199–201

connectionism, 24, 163

consumption, 7, 21, 22, 35, 46, 67, 68, 107, 110–11, 132–34, 141–42, 171, 177, 179, 214, 226. See also production; prosumption

consumption cycles, 46

Cooper, Simon, 195

cooperation, 6, 11, 50, 100, 110, 116, 140, 169, 192–93, 211, 226

corporate culture, 91–92, 102, 127, 135–36

Coupland, Douglas, 84–85, 89–90, 94, 96, 98–99

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz, 196

Coyle, Diane, 32

craigslist, 138

Creation ofAdam (Leonardo Da Vinci), 203

creative class, 84

creative destruction, 59, 69, 96 creativity, 4, 6, 7, 11, 23, 24, 58, 84, 85, 91–92, 98, 99, 107, 110–11, 115, 116, 120, 123, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, 143, 162, 174, 180, 211, 214, 218, 219

critical theory. See Frankfurt School critique of capitalism, 3, 23, 25–26, critique of capitalism, 3, 23, 25–26,

79, 143; artistic critique, 23–24,
26, 105, 106; humanist critique,
3–4, 8, 10, 23–24, 26, 48, 72,
83, 87, 105–6, 142–43, 162,
174, 217–18, 221, 223–24; social
critique, 3–4, 10, 23–24, 26, 83,
142, 217–18, 223–24

critique of instrumental rationality, 3–4, 17, 18–19, 77, 195, 203

critique of modernity, 203

crowdsourcing, 116–26, 130

Crumlish, Christian, 32

cyberculture, 225

cyberfeminism, 154, 225

cyberhumanism, 205

cybernetics, 134

cyberspace, 75, 156, 165–66, 171, 173, 197

cyberstudies, 16

cyborg, 8, 153–54, 157, 160–61, 163, 166–67, 174, 195, 215

D’Aluisio, Faith, 152

Darrell, Emily, 33

Davies, Stephen, 64, 66, 69, 71

Davis, Erik, 186

Dawkins, Richard, 187–88

dealienation, 84, 137, 141–43, 214, 219, 225. See also alienation

Dean, Jodi, 26, 73, 164, 180, 196

decentralization, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 20, 23, 46, 47, 53–55, 61, 63, 65, 69, 72, 83, 99, 100, 101–2, 111–12, 114, 115, 136, 139, 142, 143, 186, 189, 196, 208, 211, 212, 213, 215, 220, 225

deeroticization. See eroticization

Index

249

degovernmentalization, 10

dehierarchization, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 23, 46, 53–55, 72, 83, 89, 90, 94, 97, 99, 100–102, 142, 196, 208, 211, 213, 215, 225

democracy (political), 9, 36, 69, 77–78, 220, 222, 224

depoliticization, 5, 20, 27, 48, 72, 74, 78–79, 103, 186, 191, 205, 209, 220, 222. See also legitimation discourse

deregulation, 9, 21, 23, 45, 219, 220

DiFazio, William, 17, 82, 119

digerati entrepreneur, 90–95, 105

digerati, etymology of, 83–84

digerati worker, 95–97

digital citizens, 36

digital civilization, 30–31, 146, 167, 216

digital discourse, 2, 15, 30–33, 34; affinity with neoliberalism, 73–74; as common sense, 29–30; comparison with neoliberal theory, 74–76; as public discourse, 31–33, 37–39 as public discourse, 31–33, 37–39 digital divide, 6

digitalization, 69, 75, 185

discourse analysis, 27–28, 34–35, 39–41

disembodiment, 8, 157–59, 169, 174, 177, 180, 200

distributed bottom, 52, 55, 56

distributed collaboration, 116

distributed labor, 139

distributed power, 51–52, 114, 212

distributed self, 161, 166, 173, 178–80, 216

distributed system, 115, 166, 220, 225

division of labor, 114, 177

DNA, 192, 193, 201

Dorigo, Marco, 51–52

Drucker, Peter, 59, 88–89

Duff, Alistair, 22, 226

Dufour, Stephane, 34

Duggan, Lisa, 22, 46, 79

dumb chips, 49, 66, 191 dumb nodes, 49–53, 63, 65–66, 68, 72, 191

dumb power, 50–51, 212

D’Urbano, Alba, 146–48

Dyer-Witheford, Nick, 82, 225

Dyson, Esther, 163, 232

economic predictability, 56–57, 61, 62, 101 economic restructuring, 20, 59, 74, 211 economic unpredictability, 48, 56–57, 60, 72, 229

economy: disorganization, 45–46, 67, 72, 78; gift economy, 110; planned economy, 61, 64, 70, 72, 101,

Edge, David, 17

Editors ofPerseus Publishing, The, 32–33

efficiency, 3, 51, 55, 64, 66, 101, 108, 116, 138, 143

“Electric Word,” 146

Electronic Frontier Foundation, 35

Eli Lilly, 124, 125, 231

Ellul, Jacques, 195, 203

e-mail, 36, 55, 108, 154, 166, 200

emancipation, 113, 116, 117, 143, 174, 175; individual, 3, 7, 23, 28, 100, 137, 141, 214, 218, 219; social, 3, 23, 28, 104, 218, 219; technological, 31–32, 86, 115–16; tradeoff between individual and social emancipation, 11, 225

embedded liberalism, 5, 46–47, 48, 62

embodiment. See disembodiment

emergence, 54, 70, 193, 208, 225

employment: career path, 24, 46, 57, 58, 95–96, 101, 121, 126, 140, 220; ad hoc, 58, 124–25, 127, 129, 135, 142, 154; flexitimer, 46, 220; job security, 21, 59, 60, 95, 102, 218; long-term, 21, 24, 58, 101; part-timer, 46, 58, 118, 120; polyemployment, 95; precarious, 7, 9, 20, 46, 72, 95, 102, 118, 124–25, 142, 220; temporary, 21, 59, 97, 220; tenure, 3, 21, 23, 46, 57, 117, 123, 124, 127, 218, 220 end of history, 9, 11, 207–8, 220

250

Index

entrepreneurship, 6, 7, 47, 88, 90, 95–97, 100, 101–2, 119, 141–42, 213, 214

equilibrium, 68–69

eroticization, 3, 6, 7, 23, 83, 85, 99, 134, 141, 162, 214, 215, 217

evolution (in natural history), 56–57, 186–88, 192–93, 199, 202, 205, 206–7

exchange value, 136

exploitation, 3, 11, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 119; superexploitation, 118; tradeoff between alienation and, 83, 137, 141–43, 217–19

Fairclough, Norman, 39–40

Feenberg, Andrew, 17, 19, 82, 184–85, 204

Fisher, Eran, 219

flexibility, 2, 5, 8, 48, 58, 67, 85, 86, 154, 174, 176, 178, 179, 216

flexible employment, 7, 9, 20, 58, 124–25, 126–27, 129, 134–35, 220

flexible production, 4, 46, 218

flexible work, 88, 95, 101, 213

Florida, Richard, 84

fMRI, 160. See also lie detector

Ford, Henry, 138, 176

Fordism, 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 20, 24, 28, 45, 116, 141–42, 145, 162, 175–77, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224

Fortin, Dominic, 34

Foucault, Michel, 15–16, 39–40, 81, 178

“Found: Artifacts from the Future,” 148–49, 170

Fraser, Nancy, 20, 22–23, 217

Freund, Jesse, 157

Freud, Sigmund, 171

freedom. See emancipation

Frank, Thomas, 26, 73, 106

Friedman, Milton, 63, 76

Frankfurt School, 3, 18–19, 23, 106, 226

Friedman, Thomas, 1–2, 63, 76

Fuchs, Christian, 225

Frith, Lucy, 47

Fukuyama, Francis, 9, 63

Fuller, Steve, 69

future shock, 59–60

Gaggi, Silvio, 16

Gamble, Andrew, 67

Gates, Bill, 31, 90, 93, 98, 115

geek, 90, 118, 129, 130, 169, 213

geek culture, 31

Geertz, Clifford, 34, 41

Generation X, 96, 230

Gere, Charlie, 26, 73, 75

Getty Images, 121, 122

Giddens, Anthony, 50

Gilder, George, 73, 193

Glenny, Misha, 60

Goetz, Thomas, 114–16

Glickman, Adam, 94, 96

Goggins, William, 187

Google, 1, 15, 31, 32, 108, 109, 112, 122, 131, 139

globalization, 1, 3, 4, 9, 11, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 36, 39, 40, 45, 46, 63, 72, 138, 187, 218, 219, 220, 221, 225, 226; global division of labor, 20

Gramsci, Antonio, 21, 40, 145–46, 175–76, 178

Granovetter, Mark, 126, 231

great men, 93, 94, 98, 105, 178

Greenwald, Douglas, 66, 71

Greenbaum, Joan, 20, 22, 82, 101–2, 119, 226

Grove, Andy, 33, 93–94, 105

Habermas, Jürgen, 19–20, 49, 77–79, 143, 216–17, 221, 223, 226

hacker, 38, 92, 113, 136

hacking, 136

Hafner, Katie, 163

Hamel, Jacques, 34

Haraway, Donna, 16, 153–54, 163

Hardt, Michael, 225

Harrison, Bennett, 46

Index

251