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新黑暗时代:科技与未来的终结

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第九章并发

  1. Adrienne Lafrance, 'The Algorithm That Makes Preschoolers Obsessed With YouTube', Atlantic, July 25, 2017, theatlantic.com.

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第十章 阴云

  1. Ibid.
  1. William Ferroggiaro, 'The U.S. and the Genocide in Rwanda 1994', The National Security Archive, March24, 2004, nsarchive2.gwu.edu.

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  1. See Rocky Flats Nuclear Guardianship project, 'Nuclear Guardianship Ethic statement', 1990, rev. 2011, rockyflatsnuclearguardianship.org.

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索引

插图位置用粗斜体字表示

A

AAIB (Air Accidents Investigations
Branch),英国航空事故调查局,188-9
ABC Trial, ABC 审判, 189
Aberdeen Proving Ground, 阿伯丁试验场,28-9
Acceleration,加速,132
AdSense、谷歌广告,218
Advanced Chess,高级国际象棋,159-60
Aeroflot. 俄罗斯航空,65
Aero Lease UK,英国航空租赁,190-1
AI (artificial intelligence),人工智能,139
Air Accidents Investigations Branch (AAIB),英国航空事故调查局,188-9
Airbnb,爱彼迎,127
Air France, 法国航空,71
air loom,空气织机,208,209,209
al-Assad, Bashar,巴沙尔·阿萨德,55,124
Aldrich,Richard,奥德里奇·理查德,189-90
Algorithms 算法about,关于,108,126reaction speed of, ……的反应速度,123YouTube,视频网站,217-8,229,232
AlphaGo software, 阿尔法围棋,149, 156-8
Al-Oaeda,“基地”组织,212
Alterman, Boris,鲍里斯·奥尔特曼,158,159
Alterman Wall’,奥尔特曼墙,158
Amash-Conyers Amendment,《阿玛什-科尼尔斯修正案》,178
Amazon,亚马逊,39,113-8,115,125-7
American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,美国清洁煤电联盟,64
American Meteorological Society, 美国气象学会,26A National Infrastructure for the 21stcentury'report,《21世纪国家基础设施》报告,59
Anderson,Chris,克里斯·安德森'End of Theory’,《理论的终结》,83-4,146
anthropocene,人类世,203
antiquisation programme,复古工程,234
approximation, conflating with simulation, 接近,与模仿混同,34-5Arimaa.阿里马,158-9Arkin,Alan,艾伦·阿金,188the ark’,诺亚方舟,52-3Army Balloon Factory, 部队热气球工厂,188-9
artificial intelligence (AI),人工智能,139
AshleyMadison.com (website),阿什利·麦迪逊网站,237-8
Asimov, Isaac,艾萨克·阿西莫夫Three Laws of Robotics, 机器人三大定律,157
Assange, Julian,朱利安·阿桑奇Conspiracy as Governance',《以阴谋统治》,183
Assistant software, 助手软件,152
Associated Press,美联社,124As We May Think'(Bush),《诚如所思》(布什),23-4
Aubrey, Crispin,克里斯宾·奥布里,189
Aurora(Robinson),《极光》(罗宾逊),128
AutoAwesome software,自动美化软件,152
Automated Insights,自动化观察,123-4
automated journalism,自动化新闻,123-4
automated trading programs,自动交易程序,124
automation bias,自动化偏见,40,42-3,95
aviation,航空,35-6

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B

BABYFUN TV,宝宝乐电视,225
Ballistic Research Laboratory, 弹道研究实验室,28-9
Bank of England, 英格兰银行, 123
Banks, Iain M.,伊恩·M·班克斯,149-50
Barclays,巴克莱银行,109
basic research/brute force bias,基础研究/ 强力偏见,95
Bel Geddes, Norman,诺曼·贝尔·格迪斯,30-1
Bell, Alexander Graham,亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔,19-20
Benjamin,Walter,瓦尔特·本雅明,144,156The Task of the Translator,《译者的任务》,147,155-6
Berners-Lee, Conway,康威·伯纳斯·李,78
Berners-Lee, Tim,蒂姆·伯纳斯·李,78-9,81
Berry, John,约翰·贝里,189'better than the Beatles' problem, “比披头士更好”问题,94
Bevan Aneurin,安奈林·贝文,111In Place of Fear,《不再恐惧》, 110
big bang, 大爆炸, 106
big data, 大数据, 84
Bilderberg Group, 彼尔德伯格会议,241
Binney, William,威廉·宾尼,176,180,181
Birther movement, 出生论者运动,206
Bitcoin,比特币,63Black Chamber',黑室,249
blast furnace,鼓风炉, 77-8
BND,德国联邦情报局,174
Borges, Jorge Luis,豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯,79-80
Bounce Patrol, 跳跳逻辑队,223
branded content, 品牌内容, 220
Brin,Sergey,谢尔盖·布林,139
Broomberg,Adam,亚当·布鲁姆伯格,143
Bush, George W.,乔治·W,布什,176
Bush, Vannevar, 范内瓦·布什As We May Think',《诚如所思》23-4Bush Differential Analyser, 布什微分分析器,27on hypertext, 对超文本, 79
Byron,拜伦“Darkness”,《黑暗》201-2

C

Cadwalladr, Carole,卡罗尔·卡德瓦拉德,236
calculating machines, 计算器,27
calculation,计算p-hacking, P 值篡改, 89-91raw computing,初始计算,82-3replicability,可复制性,88-9translation algorithms,翻译算法,84
Cambridge Analytica,剑桥分析,236
Campbell, Duncan,邓肯·坎贝尔,189'Can We Survive Technology?'(vonNeumann),《我们能从科技中幸存吗?》

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(冯·诺依曼),28

Capital in the Twenty-First Century,(Piketty),

《二十一世纪资本论》(皮凯蒂)112carbon dioxide,二氧化碳,75

Catch-22(Heller),《第二十二条军规》(海勒),187-8

cautious regulator'theory,“谨慎的监管者” 理论,94-5

CCTV,闭路电视,181-2

centaur chess,半人马象棋,159

Chanarin,Oliver,奥利弗·查那林,143

chaotic storage,混乱存储,115-6

Chargaff,Erwin,埃尔文·查戈夫,96-7

Charlie Hebdo attacks;《查理周刊》袭击,212

chemtrails,化学尾迹,192-5,206-8,214

children's television,儿童电视,216-7

children's YouTube,儿童视频,219,238

Cirrus homogenitus,人造卷云,196, 197

Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), 英国民航局,161—2

clear-air turbulence,晴空湍流,68

climate,气候carbon dioxide,二氧化碳,75global warming,全球变暖,73, 193, 214permafrost,永久冻土层,47-9,56-7seed banks,种子银行,52-6turbulence,湍流,65-9

climate change,气候变化 patterns disrupted by,模式被…破坏, 72-3 resilience against,应对,59

climate crisis,气候危机,56

Clinton, Bill,比尔·克林顿,243

Clinton,Hillary,希拉里·克林顿,207,232-3

cloning,克隆,86-8
closed-circuit television,闭路电视,181-2

cloud(s), 云, 6–7, 8, 17, 195–6'The Cloud Begins with Coal-Big Data,Big Networks, Big Infrastructure, and BigPower'report,《云始于煤——大数据、大网络、大设备和大能量》报告,64

The Cloud of Unknowing',无知之云,9 cloudy thinking, 云思维, 9

coal deposits, discovery of, 发现煤矿, 52

coastal installations,海岸设备,62

Cocks,Clifford,克利福德·科克斯,167

code/spaces,编码空间,37-9

code words,代号,175

cognition,认知about,关于,135-6artificial intelligence (AI),人工智能,139facial recognition, 面部识别,141image recognition,图像识别,139-40machine translation,机器翻译,147predictive policing’systems,“预测性警务”系统,144-6

collectivism, totalitarianism vs.,集体主义,相对于极权主义,139

Commission on Government Secrecy, 政府保密委员会,169

complex systems,复杂系统about,关于,2-3aggregation of,…的集成,40high-frequency trading, 高频交易,14,106–7, 108, 122, 124

complicity,复杂

computational logic,计算逻辑,184-5Freedom of Information,《自由信息法案》,161-2,165, 192global mass surveillance,全球大规模监视,179-80Glomar response,格罗玛回复,165,186public key cryptography,公钥加密,167-8

Computation,计算

calculating machines,计算机器,27Electronic Numerical Integrator andComputer (ENIAC), 电子数字积分计算器,27,27-30,33flight trackers,航班追踪,35-6,36IBM Selective Sequence ElectronicCalculator(SSEC), IBM顺序电子计算器,30, 30-2, 31, 146

opaqueness of, ………的晦涩性,40

computational logic,计算逻辑,184-5

computational thinking,计算思维, about,关于,4 evolution of,……的演化, 248 importance of,……的重要性,44-5

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Concorde,协和式飞机,69,70,71
conspiracy, 阴谋chemtrails,化学尾迹,192-5,206-8,214conspiracy theories, 阴谋论,195, 198-9,205contrails,尾迹,196-8,197,214global warming,全球变暖,73,193, 2149/11 terrorist attacks,9·11 恐怖袭击,203-4,206Conspiracy as Governance'(Assange),《以阴谋统治》(阿桑奇),183
contrails,尾迹,196-8,197,214
Copenhagen Climate Change Conference(COP15),哥本哈根气候变化大会,199
Cowen, Deborah,底波拉·考恩,132
Credit Suisse,瑞士信贷银行,109
cryptocurrency, 加密货币,63
Cumulus homogenitus,人造积云,195-6
cyborg chess, 电子人象棋,159

D

Dabiq (online magazine),《达比克》(电子杂志),212
Dallaire, Roméo,罗密欧·达莱尔,243
darkness,黑暗,11-2“Darkness”(poem),《黑暗》(诗)201-2
dark pools, 暗池, 108-9
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency),国防高级研究计划局,33
Darwin, Charles,查尔斯·达尔文,78
data,数据abundance of, 大量的,83-4,131big,大,84importance of, ……的重要性, 245-6realistic accounting of, 对……的真实性描述,247thirst for, 对……的渴求,246
data dredging,数据捕捞,90-1
Debord, Guy,居伊·德波,103
DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), 数据设备公司,33
Decyben SAS,德赛本萨斯,110
Deep Blue,“深蓝”, 148-9, 157-60
DeepDream,“深梦”,153,154-5
DeepFace software,深面软件, 140
defeat devices,欺诈装置,120
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA),国防高级研究计划局,33
de Solla Price, Derek,德瑞克·约翰·德索拉·普莱斯,91-2,93
Diffie-Hellman key exchange,迪菲-赫尔曼密钥交换,167
digital culture,数字文化, 64-5
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC),数据设备公司,33
digital networks, mapping, 绘制数据网络,104
digitisation,数字化,108Discussion of the Possibility of WeatherControl'lecture,《谈谈气候控制的可能性》演讲,26
diurnal temperature range (DTR),平均日较差,204
DNA sequencing, 基因测序,93
D-Notices,防务通告,179
domain name system, 域名系统,79
doomsday vault, 末日方舟,52-3
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 道琼斯工业指数,121-2
drones,无人机,161-2
drug discovery/research, 新药研发, 94-5
DTR (diurnal temperature range),平均日较差,204
Duffy, Carol Ann, 卡罗尔·安·达菲,201
Dunne, Carey,凯里·邓恩,194-5

E

Elberling,Bo,波·艾伯林,57
electromagnetic networks, 电磁网络,104
Electronic Computer Project, 电子计算机项目,27
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 电子前线基金会,177
ElectronicNumerical Integrator and Computer(ENIAC),电子数字积分计算器,27,27-30,33

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Elements of Chemistry (Lavoisier),《化学元素表》(拉瓦锡),208-9

Elkins,Caroline,卡罗琳·埃尔金斯,183-4

Ellis,James,詹姆斯·埃利斯,167

encoded biases,编码偏见,142

End of Theory’(Anderson),《理论的终结》 (安德森),83-4,146

Engelbart, Douglas,道格拉斯·恩格尔巴特,79

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator andComputer),电子数字积分计算器,27,27-30,33

Enlightenment,启蒙运动,10

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 环境保护署,119-20

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 环境保护署,119-20

Epagogix,一家公司,130

epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model,传染型余震序列模型,145-6

Epimetheus,厄庇墨透斯,132-4

EquinixLD4,伦敦证券交易所数据中心,104

Eroom's law,尔摩定律,86, 93-6

ETAS (epidemic type aftershock sequence) model,传染型余震序列模型,145-6

Euronext Data Center, 泛欧数据中心, 104105,106

Evangelismos Hospital,福音医院,130-1

evolution, theory of, 进化论,78

exploitation,剥削,229-30

Eyjafjallaj·kull, eruption of,埃亚菲亚德拉 冰盖火山喷发,200-1,202

F

Facebook,脸书,39-40,156-7

facial recognition,面部识别,141

Fairchild Semiconductor, 仙童半导体公司,80

Farage, Nigel,奈杰尔·法拉奇,194

Fat Man bomb, 胖子炸弹,25

Fermi,Enrico,恩利克·费米,250

Ferranti Mark I, 费朗蒂马克 I 计算机,78

fiat anima,要有生命,19-20

fiat lux,要有光,19-20

Finger Family,手指家庭,221-2,224, 227

Five Eyes’,监视五国,174

Flash Boys (Lewis),《闪电小子》(李维斯) 111-2

flash crash, 闪电崩盘,121-2, 130-1

Flight Radar 24, 航班追踪, 36, 189, 191

flight trackers, 航班追踪,35-6,36
Fourteen Eyes',监视十四国,174

Fowler, R.H., 45

Frankenstein(Shelley),《弗兰肯斯坦X雪莱), 201

fraud, 造假,86-8,91

Freedom of Information,《自由信息法案》,161–2,165, 192

Friends’Ambulance Unit,盟友求助小组,20

Fuller,Buckminster,巴克敏斯特·富勒,71

Futurama exhibit,未来图景展厅,30-1

'Future Uses of High Speed Computing inMeteorology’lecture,《高速计算在未来气象学上的应用》演讲,26

G

Gail, William B., 威廉·盖尔, 72-3

Galton,Francis,弗朗西斯·高尔顿,140

game developers,游戏开发者,130

Gates's law,盖茨定律,83

GCHQ (Government CommunicationsHeadquarters),政府通讯总部,167,174,176-9,189

genocide,种族屠杀,243

ghost cars (Uber),幽灵车(优步),118-9

G-INFO, 190

global mass surveillance,全球大规模监视,179-80

Global Positioning System (GPS), 全球定位系统,36-7,42-3

Global Seed Vault, 全球种子库, 54

global warming,全球变暖,73, 193, 214

Glomar response,格罗玛回复,165,186

Godard, Jean-Luc,让·吕克·戈达尔,143

Google,谷歌,84,139,230,242

Google Alerts,谷歌快讯,190

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