时间的全球史（The Global Transformation of Time）

第一章 全球化世界中的国家时间

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注释

时间的全球史

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1. Akira Iriye, Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002); Daniel Gorman, The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012); Rosenberg, "Transnational Currents in a Shrinking World."

1. H. La Fontaine and P. Otlet, "La vie internationale et l'effort pour son orga niza tion," La Vie Internationale 1 (1912): 9–34, here 12.

1. Archives Nationales Françaises (hereafter AN) F/17/3714, Adaption d'une heurc unique, Note de Sandford Fleming, "Memorandum on the Movement for Reckoning Time on a Scientific Basis, by which the greatest possible degree of Simplicity, Accuracy, and Uniformity will be obtained in all Countrics throughout the World," Ottawa, November 20, 1889, 1.

1. Crawford, "Universe of International Science," 255.

1. BArch R901/63559, pamphlet by the Freie deutsche Hochstift für Wisscnschaften, Künste und allgemeine Bildung in Goethes Vaterhause, Frankfurt/Main, January 1, 1864.

1. Alexis McCrossen, Marking Modern Times: A History of Clocks, Watches, and Other Timekeepers in American Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), 10.

1. G. Hammer, Nullmeridian und Weltzeit (Hamburg: Verlagsanstalt und Druckerei A. G., 1888), 44.

1. Bartky, One Time Fits All, 74.

1. BArch R 901/63559, F. Romanet du Caillaud, De l'Adoption du Méridien de Bethléem comme premier Méridien universel, Lettre à Monsieur le Président de la société de géographie de Paris, Limoges, September 6, 1884.

第一章 全球化世界中的国家时间

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1. AN F/17/3714, Adaption d'une heure unique, Italie; Resolutions by the International Geodesic Association Concerning the Unification of Longitudes and Time, Bureau central de I' Association Géodésique Internationale, n.d.

1. Bartky, One Time Fits All, 72.

1. AN F/17/3714, Conférence internationale de Washington pour l'établissement d'un méridien initial, letter, Ministry of Foreign Affairs to Ministry of Public Instruction, January 26, 1884; Circular, Department of State, Washington, DC, December 1, 1883; BArch R901/63559, Legation of the United States to German Foreign Ministry, Berlin, November 9, 1882; Bartky, One Time Fits All, 72.

1. Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univcrsity Press, 1995); Ian Hacking, The Taming of Chance (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990); and M. Norton Wiseed. The Values of Precision (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995), esp. Simon Schaffer, “Accurate Measurement Is an En glish Science," 135–172, and M. Norton Wise, "Precision: Agent of Unity and Product of Agreement, Part II— The Age of Steam and Telegraphy," 222–236; and Simon Schaffer, "Late Victorian Metrology and Its Instrumentation: A Manufactory of Ohms," in Invisible Connections: Instruments, Institutions, and Science, ed. Robert Bud and Susan Cozzens (Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 1992), 23–56, here 25.

1. Schram, Adria-Zeit, 4, 12; W. d Nordling, "Les derniers progrès de l'unifcation de l'heure," Revue scientifque 30, no. 1 (1893): 774–777, here 775; 剑桥大学图书馆，皇家格林尼治天文台档案(此后写作RGO) 7/146, clipping "La Belgique et l'heure de Greenwich," Le Mouvement géographique, May 1,

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1. Friedrich Naumann, Mitteleuropa (Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1915), 3.

1. Jürgen Elvert, Mitteleuropa! Deutsche Pläne zur europäischen Neuordnung (1918–1945) (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1999), 38.

1. Naumann, Mitteleuropa, 166.

1. Max Rcithoffer, “Ein elektrisches Zentraluhrensystem fur Wien, Vortrag, gehalten den 22. Fcbruar 1911," Schriften des Vereines zur Verbreitung Naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse in Wien 51 (1910/1911): 439–456, here 440.

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时间的全球史

1. Oliver Zimmer, Remaking the Rhythms of Life: German Communities in the Age of the Nation-State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 5; Siegfried Weichlein, Nation und Region: Integrationsprozesse im Bismarckreich (Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 2004); 还可参看Abigail Green, Fatherlands: State-Building and Nationhood in Nineteenth-Century Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). 关于不同的案例研究中基层政权与民族 国家之间的互动，参见Zimmer, Remaking; Laurent Brassart,Jean-Pierre Jessenne, and Nadine Vivier, eds., Clochemerle our république villageoise? La conduit municipal des affaires villageoises en Eu rope du XVIllè au XXè siècle (Villeneuve d'Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2012).

1. Schram, Adria-Zeit, 4.

1. BArch R901/15611, Copy, letter by Ministry of Public Works, Berlin, November 9, 1891, 1–2.

1. Weichlein, Nation und Region, 104.

1. BArch R901/15609, memorandum, Berlin, December 1889, 9.

1. BArch R3001/7863, Opinion by the Vice President of the Ministry of State, von Boetticher, regarding the uniform measure of time, Berlin, February 15, 1892; see also letter, Secretary of State for the Interior to Ministry of Justice, Berlin, February 15, 1892; copy of memorandum, Berlin, December 1889.

1. BArch R 901/15609, memorandum, Berlin, December 1889, 11.

1. BArch R 901/37725, Opinion, Prus sian Ministry of Spiritual, Educational, and Medical Matters concerning the legal-imperial adoption of a uniform time for the entire civil life in Germany, Berlin, December 21, 1891.还 可参看Wilhelm Förster, Über Zeitmessung und Zeitregelung (Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1909), 92.

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1. BArch R 901/37725, Reichstag, 28th session, Monday, January 23, 1893, 634.

1. Ibid., 101–102.

1. Nordling, "Les derniers progrès," 775.

1. Bartky, One Time Fits All, 126.

1. BArch R3001/7863, Imperial Off ce of Railways to railway administrations, March 19, 1893.

1. BArch R901/63559, letter, Ministry of Spiritual, Educational, and Medical Affairs, Berlin, April 2, 1883.

1. BArch R901/63559, Instruction to Supervisor of Constructions Hinckcldcyn rcgarding the consultations of the international conference to be opened in Washington for the introduction of a uniform Meridian and a uniform time, n.d. (Karl Hinckeldeyn was an architect who, in 1884, served as technical attaché to the German embassy in Washington, DC.) See also ibid., Note Regarding the Meridian Conference in Washington, Berlin, October 14, 1884.

1. BArch R901/37725, Reichstag, 28th session, Monday, January 23, 1893，634.还参见由位于符滕堡（Wurtcmberg）的教会与学校事务部 (Ministry of Church and Schooling Affairs) 下发的命令： Verfügung des Ministeriums des Kirchen- und Schulwesens, betreffend die Ordnung der Unterrichtszeit in den Volksschulen und den kleineren Gelehrten- und Realschulen infolge der Einführung der sogenannten mitteleuropäischen Einheitszeit, Stuttgart, February 23, 1892.

1. RGO 7/146, newspaper offprint, Robert Schram, "Die Zeitreform in Belgien," Deutsche Zeitung, May 31, 1892.

第一章 全球化世界中的国家时间

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时间的全球史

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第一章 全球化世界中的国家时间

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时间的全球史

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