--- schema_version: "library-reader-v1" source_type: "original_book" title: "Data and Goliath The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World" author: null edition: null publisher: null year: null isbn: "9780393244816" library_document_id: "986eb0f2-d84e-42a0-a151-a1930391de43" source_sha256: "73ac4b52441f5b9d571e4c35dc932aefa9638c03c9d30d990c4a88196e5b1b4a" pdf_physical_page_count: 295 pdf_physical_page_index_base: 0 range_start: 170 range_count: 10 html_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/986eb0f2-d84e-42a0-a151-a1930391de43?start=170&limit=10" markdown_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/986eb0f2-d84e-42a0-a151-a1930391de43.md?start=170&limit=10" previous_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/986eb0f2-d84e-42a0-a151-a1930391de43.md?start=160&limit=10" next_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/986eb0f2-d84e-42a0-a151-a1930391de43.md?start=180&limit=10" --- # Data and Goliath The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World > 页码规则：PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX 是从 0 开始的权威文件物理页索引；PRINTED_PAGE 是页面中识别出的印刷页码，可能为空，二者不得混用。 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=170 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED I wrote this book while a fellow at the Berkman Institute for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, and I can’t thank everyone there enough. The other fellows and the various Harvard professors I spent time with helped me think through these issues, as did the students in the reading group I led in Spring 2014. Also, since January 2014, I have been the Chief Technology Officer at Resilient Systems, and I must thank them as well. Even though the book isn’t directly related to what we do at the company, I was given free rein to write it. Finally, I would like to thank my friends, and especially my spouse, Karen Cooper, for putting up with me in “book writing” mode. This one was easier than the last, I know, but it was still hard. Thank you all. ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=171 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED NOTES INTRODUCTION The accumulated data: German politician Malte Spitz demonstrated the power of geolocation data by making six months of his daily whereabouts available to journalists. Zeit Online (Mar 2011), “Tell-all telephone,” Zeit Online, http://www.zeit.de/datenschutz/malte-spitz-data-retention. Cell phone location analysis: Coordinating cell phone tower data with actual recorded wiretap audio is very strong evidence in court that a defendant is not credible, as he can be shown to be lying by his own words. This type of evidence was instrumental in convicting Scott Peterson of murdering his wife in 2002 after his mistress, Amber Frey, cooperated with police. Associated Press (27 Aug 2004), “Testimony in Peterson trial turns to evidence from computers,” USA Today, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-08-27-peterson\_x.htm. police are using this data: They are overstating its accuracy, though, and convicting innocent people on the basis of the data. Economist (6 Sep 2014), “The two towers,” Economist, http://www.economist.com/news/unitedstates/21615622-junk-science-putting-innocent-people-jail-two-towers. Mike Masnick (9 Sep 2014), “Turns out cell phone location data is not even close to accurate, but everyone falls for it,” Tech Dirt, https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140908/04435128452/turns-out-cell-phone-location-data-is-not-even-close-toaccurate-everyone-falls-it.shtml. the government of Ukraine: Heather Murphy (22 Jan 2014), “Ominous text message sent to protesters in Kiev sends chills around the Internet,” The Lede, New York Times, http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/22/ominous-text-message-sent-to-protesters-in-kiev-sends-chills-aroundthe-internet. Michigan police sought information: Michael Isikoff (18 Feb 2010), “FBI tracks suspects’ cell phones without a warrant,” Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/fbi-tracks-suspects-cell-phones-without-warrant-75099. Companies use your phone: Steve Olenski (17 Jan 2013), “Is location based advertising the future of mobile marketing and mobile advertising?” Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/sites/marketshare/2013/01/17/is-locationbased-advertising-the-future-of-mobile-marketing-and-mobile-advertising. John McDermott (20 Feb 2014), “Why the Web’s biggest players are gobbling up location-based apps,” Digiday, http://digiday.com/platforms/applegoogle-microsoft-yahoo-are-betting-on-mobile. location data is so valuable: Anton Troianovski (21 May 2013), “Phone firms sell data on customers,” Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323463704578497153556847658. Rachel King (13 Jul 2013), “ACLU: AT&T customer privacy at risk,” CIO Journal, Wall Street Journal Blogs, http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2013/07/13/aclu-att-customer-privacy-at-risk. Companies like Sense Networks: Hiawatha Bray (8 Jul 2013), “Cellphone data mined to create personal profiles,” Boston Globe, http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2013/07/07/your-cellphone yourself/eSvTK1UCqNOE7D4qbAcWPL/story.html. Verint sells cell phone tracking systems: Craig Timberg (24 Aug 2014), “For sale: Systems that can secretly track where cellphone users go around the globe,” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/for-sale-systems-that-can-secretly-track-where-cellphoneusers-go-around-the-globe/2014/08/24/f0700e8a-f003-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f\_story.html. The company’s website: Verint (2014), “About Verint,” http://www.verint.com/about. “blind” call to a phone: Privacy International (2012), “Cobham sells monitoring centres, phone monitoring, ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=172 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=173 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED We need to think: Technology critic Evgeny Morozov makes this point. Evgeny Morozov (22 Oct 2013), “The real privacy problem,” MIT Technology Review, http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520426/the-realprivacy-problem. 1: DATA AS A BY-PRODUCT OF COMPUTING your smartphone pinpoints you: Paul A. Zandbergen (26 Jun 2009), “Accuracy of iPhone locations: A comparison of assisted GPS, WiFi and cellular positioning,” Transactions in GIS 13, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2009.01152.x/abstract. Paul A. Zandbergen and Sean J. Barbeau (Jul 2011), “Positional accuracy of assisted GPS data from high-sensitivity GPS-enabled mobile phones,” Journal of Navigation 64, http://www.paulzandbergen.com/files/Zandbergen\_Barbeau\_JON\_2011.pdf. Modern cars are loaded with computers: Ben Wojdyla (21 Feb 2012), “How it works: The computer inside your car,” Popular Mechanics, http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/how-to/repair/how-it-works-the-computer-insideyour-car. Much of that is automatically recorded: Nate Cardozo (11 Feb 2013), “Mandatory black boxes in cars raise privacy questions,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, https://www.eff.org/press/releases/mandatory-black-boxes-carsraise-privacy-questions. Embedded in digital photos: Benjamin Henne, Maximilian Koch, and Matthew Smith (3–7 Mar 2014), “On the awareness, control and privacy of shared photo metadata,” Distributed Computing & Security Group, Leibniz University, presented at the Eighteenth International Conference for Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Barbados, http://ifca.ai/fc14/papers/fc14\_submission\_117.pdf. a smart refrigerator: Eliza Barclay (4 May 2012), “The ‘smart fridge’ finds the lost lettuce, for a price,” The Salt: What’s On Your Plate, NPR, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/05/03/151968878/the-smart-fridge-finds-thelost-lettuce-for-a-price. the smart power grid: US Department of Energy (2008), “The smart grid: An introduction,” ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=174 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=175 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=176 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED 1,200 pages of data in 57 categories,” BBC News, http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2012/12/start/privacyversus-facebook. Facebook sent him a CD: Schrems’s discovery led him to file a class action lawsuit against Facebook. Liat Clark (1 Aug 2014), “Facebook hit with international class action lawsuit,” Wired UK, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-08/01/facebook-class-action-lawsuit. 2: DATA AS SURVEILLANCE what we know about the NSA’s surveillance: Previous leakers include Thomas Drake, Mark Klein, and Bill Binney. Subsequent leakers have not been identified yet. Bruce Schneier (7 Aug 2014), “The US intelligence community has a third leaker,” Schneier on Security, https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2014/08/the\_us\_intellig.html. NSA collects the cell phone call records: Glenn Greenwald (5 Jun 2013), “NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily,” Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phonerecords-verizon-court-order. One government defense: Barack Obama (7 Jun 2013), “Statement by the President,” US Executive Office of the President, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/07/statement-president. James R. Clapper (7 Jun 2013), “DNI statement on recent unauthorized disclosures of classified information,” Office of the Director of National Intelligence, http://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/191-press-releases-2013/868-dnistatement-on-recent-unauthorized-disclosures-of-classified-information. Ed O’Keefe (6 Jun 2013), “Transcript: Dianne Feinstein, Saxby Chambliss explain, defend NSA phone records program,” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/06/06/transcript-dianne-feinstein-saxby-chamblissexplain-defend-nsa-phone-records-program. The intended point: Am I the only one who finds it suspicious that President Obama always uses very specific words? He says things like, “Nobody is listening to your telephone calls.” This leaves open the possibility that the NSA is recording, transcribing, and analyzing your phone calls—and, very occasionally, reading them. This is more likely to be true, and something a pedantically minded president could claim he wasn’t lying about. Collecting metadata on people: This is a good general article on the intimacy of metadata. Dahlia Lithwick and Steve Vladeck (22 Nov 2013), “Taking the ‘meh’ out of metadata,” Slate, http://www.slate.com/articles/news\_and\_politics/jurisprudence/2013/11/nsa\_and\_metadata\_how\_the\_government\_c Phone metadata reveals: Edward W. Felten (23 Aug 2013), “Declaration of Professor Edward W. Felten,” American Civil Liberties Union et al. v. James R. Clapper et al., United States District Court, Southern District of New York (Case 1:13-cv-03994-WHP), https://www.aclu.org/files/pdfs/natsec/clapper/2013.08.26%20ACLU%20PI%20Brief%20-%20Declaration%20- %20Felten.pdf. It provides a window: Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye et al. (2–5 Apr 2013), “Predicting people personality using novel mobile phone-based metrics,” 6th International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction, Washington, D.C., http://realitycommons.media.mit.edu/download.php? file=deMontjoye2013predicting-citation.pdf. It yields a detailed summary: IBM offers a class in analyzing phone call metadata. IBM Corporation (2014), “9T225G: Telephone analysis using i2 Analyst’s Notebook,” http://www-03.ibm.com/services/learning/content/ites.wss/zz/en?pageType=course\_description&courseCode=9T225G&cc=. personal nature of what the researchers: Jonathan Mayer and Patrick Mutchler (12 Mar 2014), “MetaPhone: The sensitivity of telephone metadata,” Web Policy, http://webpolicy.org/2014/03/12/metaphone-the-sensitivity-oftelephone-metadata. Web search data is another source: While it seems obvious that this is data and not metadata, it seems to be treated as metadata by the NSA. I believe its justification is that the search terms are encoded in the URLs. The NSA’s XKEYSCORE slides talked about collecting “web-based searches,” which further indicates that the NSA considers this metadata. Glenn Greenwald (31 Jul 2013), “XKeyscore: NSA tool collects ‘nearly everything a user does on the internet,’” Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/nsa-top-secret-program-onlinedata. The NSA claims it’s metadata: This demonstrates that the difference is more legal hairsplitting than anything else. When I typed “should I tell my w”: It’s the same with “should I tell my girlfriend.” Google knows who clicked: Arwa Mahdawi (22 Oct 2013), “Google’s autocomplete spells out our darkest thoughts,” Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/22/google-autocomplete-un-women-ad- ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=177 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=178 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=179 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED 下一段：[继续读取](https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/986eb0f2-d84e-42a0-a151-a1930391de43.md?start=180&limit=10)