--- schema_version: "library-reader-v1" source_type: "original_book" title: "DIGITAL LABOR THE INTERNET AS PLAYGROUND AND FACTORY" author: null edition: null publisher: null year: null isbn: "9780415896948" library_document_id: "a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7" source_sha256: "0c801028cb9dea99c6244337245529043047ec5c56b3ac35671aaf60c4927203" pdf_physical_page_count: 267 pdf_physical_page_index_base: 0 range_start: 260 range_count: 7 html_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7?start=260&limit=10" markdown_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7.md?start=260&limit=10" previous_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7.md?start=250&limit=10" --- # DIGITAL LABOR THE INTERNET AS PLAYGROUND AND FACTORY > 页码规则：PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX 是从 0 开始的权威文件物理页索引；PRINTED_PAGE 是页面中识别出的印刷页码，可能为空，二者不得混用。 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=260 | PRINTED_PAGE=253 democracy: foreclosure of 176; participatory 212, 215; spectacles of 7; virtual worlds and 192 Denning, Michael 26 deprivation 155 Derrida, Jacques 60 De Soto, Hernando59 determinism, technological 22 Diaspora 7, 222 digital alienation 154-61 digital economy 35–9; masculine labor in 48; morality and 52; updating in 105; user participationin 52 The Digital Economy (Tapscott) 37 digitality 171-2 digital labor 15, 79 digital media: backlash against 33; as facilitators 16; glamorization of 33; infrastructure of 157; political economy of 225; social movements and 3 digitization 6, 168, 177 disciplinary society 137 Discipline and Punish (Foucault) 82 discourse 172; demotion of 166, 176; racial 194–6, 198; scientific 87 Discourse onColonialism (Césaire) 178 distributed labor20 distributed workplaces 20–2 docility 83 do-it-yourself economy 30 domesticity, idealized 135 domination, informatics of 34 donation, of labor 21 Dreamworld and Catastrophe (Buck-Morss) 132 Dyson, Esther 155 economy: alternative 22; attention13, 214; database 62; do-it-yourself 30; free 46; of Internet 46, 50; new 35; participatory 212; political 58–61, 225; server198, 200; see also digital economy; gift economy Eisenstein, Sergei 132 e-lance operations 20 end-user license agreement 156, 194 Enlightenment 83, 86-7 entertainment industry 23 entertainment unions22–3 environmentalism 60 environmental sustainability 209–10 Enzensberger, Hans Magnus173-4 ephemeral commodities 45-50 epistemic changes 178 essentialism228 Everquest 187 exegesis 176 exploitation: free labor and 107, 151–4; of gullibility 158; internships as 25; of labor1; Marxist understanding of 154; on Mechanical Turk 91; monitoring and 161-2; on networks152; ownership and 155–6; pleasure and 153; self 21, 25, 107 Facebook 2; participation and212-13; politics on 213; revenue of 17; separation by 157 factory, social 25, 33–4, 52,74 factory labor 30, 135 false consciousness 27 fan(s)5, 98; commodities and 100; compensation of 109-10; customization by 102; as ideal consumers 104; identities of 104–5; ideology of 104; labor of 99; object relationship with 100, 103; organization of 109; volunteerism 108-9 fan culture 101 Fan Cultures (Hills) 103 fandom: as free labor 99; insanity and98; pseudonymity and 108; social dimension of 102 feminism 135,217 feminization, of work 24, 30 film 3, 132–5 financialization 6, 229 flash mobs 138–9 Flusser, Vilém 87–8, 168–71 Fordism28, 70 Foucault, Michel58, 82–3, 88, 120, 165,176–7 Foxconn 28–9, 220 Fox networks22 “Fragment on Machines" (Marx) 44, 59 free culture 72 free economy 46 free labor 4; availability of 16; commons and 53; ephemeral commodities and 45– 50; exploitation and 107, 151-4; fandom as 99; in online communities 106; solidarity and 209; see also internships Freelancers Union15 freelance writers 13-14 free markets 22 Index 253 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=261 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED 254 Index Freud, Sigmund 142 Fuchs, Christian 7 future, algorithmic 233–5 Galloway, Alexander 2 game 6, 194, 201; see also massively multiplayer online game gamification 73-4 Gastarbeiter (guest worker) 5, 92 gender 24, 127–8 general intellect 26, 44, 225–7 generative technology 232 Gibson, William70 gift 72 gift economy36–8; in MUDs 191; Netscape and 49 Gilroy, Paul 34–5 globality234 gold farmers 188; economic need of 195; killing of 195, 199; machinima against 195; race and 189–90, 192–3, 197; as virtual migrants 190, 192 Google: AdSense 110; participation and 212–13; revenue of 17 Gou, Terry 29 A Grammar of the Multitude (Virno) 60 Great Recession15, 17, 24 Greece 234 Grundrisse (Marx)44 guest worker 5, 92 hacker 73; class of 71; ethics of 21 Haraway, Donna 34 Hardt, Michael 90, 136–8, 152 Harman, Graham 122 Harold, Christine 72 “Heat-Death” (Parisi and Terranova)114 Hebdige, Dick 99–100 Hesmondhalgh, David 154–5 Hills, Matt102-5 historicity, waning of 181 HITsee human intelligence task hive mind 42–3 Hollywood 18, 133 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.28 Horvarth, John 49 Howe, Jeff 88–9 HTML 149 Huffington, Ariana 13 Huffington Post4, 13-14 human authentication tool 79 human exception 65 human intelligence task (HIT) 79 humanism43 The Human Use of Human Beings (Wiener) 168 IBM29 identity: choice of 137; collective 138; fan 104–5; national 132; non– 65; symbolic 137 ideology 104, 174,211 immaterial labor 39–42, 89, 152 immigration 92 imperialism, cultural 38 India 26 individual 182 informatics 34, 182 insanity 98 integrative production 29 intellect: endeavor of 75; general 26, 44, 225-7; mass45 intellectual history 181 intellectual property 27 International Gaming Exchange 188, 195 Internet: commercialization of 46; communist 220–2; economy of 46, 50; monitoring on 149–50; new humanism with 43; organization of 42–3; participatory 211; political potential of 39; self-expression on 18; social life on 1; studies of 211; sustainability of 47, 106; users of 39–40; see also web Internet as Playground and Factory 1 internships 4, 17, 23–5 Ipeirotis, Panos 80 Jenkins, Henry 8, 98, 102–3, 193 job gratification 21 Keen, Andrew 98 Kelly, Kevin 42–3 Kempelen, Wolfgang von 81–4 knowledge class 39–42 knowledge workers 37,39–40 labor: capital truce with 26, 69; cognitive 91–2, 207; creative expression and 2; cultural 38–9; digital 15, 79; distributed 20; donation of 21; exploitation of 1; factory 30, 135; of fans 99; immaterial 39–42, 89, 152; living 29; Marxist analysis of 34; masculine understanding of 48; play- 26; in prison 16; productivity of 231; token-wage 16; unwaged 2, 26; wage 217; see also free labor labor arbitrage 91–2 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=262 | PRINTED_PAGE=255 labor movement 16 labor-power, collapse of 231 labor theory of value 26 LambdaMOO 190 language 143, 175–6 Lazzarato, Maurizio2, 40–1 Lehman, Chris 27 Leibniz, Gottfried 85 letters to the editor 19 Levy, Pierre 42–3 Lewis, Andrew18 liberalism 197-8,228 Lineage II 187–8 literary agents 15 living labor 29 logistics 230-1 Lovink, Geert 21 Lynch, Liam 130 machines: calculating 86-7; chess-playing 81; Marxon44, 59; responsive2 machinima 193–6; as breakthrough medium 200; as game extension 194; racial discourse in 194–6, 198 McLuhan, Marshall 173 McRobbie,Angela27, 30 Mago, Rajesh91-2 man, as capital 178 management, of knowledge workers37 manufacturers, high tech28 Margulis, Lynn 118 market: behavior 18; Foucault on 120; free22 marketing: feedback-based 158; viral 73; web 2.0 as 211 Marx, Karl 2, 16, 29, 59, 215–18; on alienation 158; on exploitation 154; on labor analysis 34; on labor theory of value 26; on machines 44, 59 Marxist feminism 217 massively multiplayer online game (MMO): avatars in 191; cheating in 188; democratic potential of 192; as global medium 189; racein 188, 191; social norms on198; see also gold farmers massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) 187 mass media132, 134 Massumi, Brian 114 mathematics 119 matter 112-14,155 Mayr, Otto 85 Mazzarella,William 89 measure 116-24 Mechanical Turk 19–20, 79–81; demographics of 80–1; exploitation on91 media 115–16; address 132; critiques of 174–5; history of 175; mass132, 134; old 22–3; response to 174; social211, 218; studies of 115; technologies116–21; see also digital media Media Manifestos (Debray)175 mediator, vanishing 172 mediology175 medium, as message 173 Melville, Herman 131 microtasks 20 milieu 120-1 mind: hive 42–3; as spiritual automaton 85 minstrel shows 200 MMO see massively multiplayer online game MMORPG see massively multiplayeronline role-playing game mobile devices 225 mobile workers 29–30 monitoring 149–50, 161–2 MOO see MUD, object oriented morality 52 moral panic 108 movement: labor 16; Occupy 54, 73 232–3; open source 48; peer-to-peer 66; social 3; see also subcultural movements MUD see multi-user dungeon MUD, object oriented (MOO) 190 multitude 90 multi-user dungeon (MUD) 190–1 MySpace 127 myth making 18 Nadeem, Shehzad 92 Nakamura, Lisa 6 name recognition19 nanotechnology 112-14,117 national identity132 nation-state 63 Negri, Antonio 90, 136–8 neoliberalism90–3, 198, 221 netarchical capital 208 Netscape 49 netslaves33,50 network: actor- 60; exploitation on 152; seriality of 233; social 6–7, 160; time 92 Network Culture (Terranova) 105 networking 160 network time 92 Index 255 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=263 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED 256 Index New Economy 35 newspapers 19,87 New York Times 192, 221 Ni Hao (Nyhm) 195–9 nonidentity 65 nonplayer character 196 “Nyhm”195–9 object 121–4; fan relationship with 100, 103; qualities of 123 Occupy movement 54, 73,232–3 October Revolution 132 offshoring 16, 25 old media 22–3 Ong, Aihwa 90–1 online communities 106, 190 ontology, object-oriented 122 open source movement 48 operaismo25 The Order of Things (Foucault) 165, 177 Orientalism 83 Out of Control (Kelly) 42 outsourcing16, 25 ownership: exploitation and 155–6; by workers7 ownership class 155 P2P see peer-to-peer Palm, Michael 25 Panopticon 88 Parisi, Luciana 112-14, 116-20 participation 212; in digital economy 52; fetishizing of 138; personalized 140; pleasure of 153; web platforms and 212-14 participatory democracy 212, 215 participatory economy 212 participatory web 212–15 peer engagement 207 peer production 207–10 peer-to-peer (P2P) 207–10 peer-to-peer common value creation 22 peer-to-peer currency234 peer-to-peer movement 66 peer-to-peer sharing 8 people shows 51 perception 115 Perlin, Ross24 Pettman, Dominic 129–30 philology 176 philosophy: process 123; writing and 169 photographic apparatus 170 photography168–70 phyle209 piracy 73 Pirate Party 73 play: labor 26; work distinction from 2, 20,159 player-worker 193, 199 pleasure 107, 153 Poe, Edgar Alan 86–7 political economy 58–61, 225 political organization 232, 235 political subject 136 politics 58–9; blogs and 128; of convenience139; on Facebook 213; Internet potential for 107; posthuman 65; progressive 73; of representation 2. of universal 228–9, 233; of utterance 183; of vectoral class 70 posthuman politics 65 postmodernism 34, 47, 181 potentia 226 potentiality 117-18 power 229, 231 prehension 116–21 press unions 15 prison labor 16 privacy 2, 150–1, 161 privatization 157,221 process philosophies 123 production: biosphere-friendly 209; capi circulation and 216; of content 19, 218–19; integrative 29; peer 207–10 productivity 16, 231 profit: corporate 16; generation of 216; rate 218 progressive politics 73 prosumer 18, 217–19 pseudonómity 108 public access culture 22 Qualls, Ashley 127 race: Cold War and 198; in games 201; gold farming and 189–90, 192–3, 197 in MMOs 188, 191 racial discourse 194–6, 198 radio 132 Rancière, Jacques 58–9,66 rave scene 101 Real, recession of 179 reality television 22–3, 51 re-captcha 79–80 recombinant commodity 46 rent extraction, boom in 4, 27 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=264 | PRINTED_PAGE=257 representation, politics of 234 "Requiem for the Media" (Baudrillard) 174 resistance, creative 7 responsive machines 2 Rheingold, Howard 47-8 rights 62, 64; copy- 72, 110; immigration without92 risk 230 Ross, Andrew 4, 71, 106–7 Rossiter, Ned 7 SACOM see Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior Scholz, Trebor 21, 211 self:exploitationof21, 25, 107; expression of, on Internet18; shattering of 62 sentient city 235 separation 156-7 seriality 232-3 server: economy 198, 200; industry, carbon footprint of 60; web 48 Shirky, Clay 17 Shop Class as Soulcraft (Crawford) 24 Shumiatskii, Boris 133 signs165,175 simulation 181 skilled trades 24 Smith, Adam 87 Smythe, Dallas 2, 217 social capital 18-19 social factory25, 33-4,52,74 socializing, infrastructure for 156 social justice 157 social media211, 218 social movements3 socialnetwork 6-7, 160 The Social Network 17 society: class 216; communist 220–2; control 120; disciplinary 137; of spectacle 139 software: architecture of 118–19; for logistics230–1; studies of 231 solidarity140,209 Sorkin, Aaron 17 Sorochan, Cayley 138 Soviet Union 132-3 spectacles of democracy 7 spectacular consumption 142 Spiegel221 Spook Country (Gibson) 70 Star Trek 195 Star Wars 105 Steinkuehler, Constance 188 strategic essentialism 228 Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior (SACOM) 220 style 99–101 subcultural movements 39; oppositional 108; style in 99–101 Subculture (Hebdige) 99–100 subject 136,182 suicide 28–9 supply chain 230 surplus value 216 surveillance 158 sustainability: environmental 209–10; of Internet 47, 106 symbolic identity 137 Taiwan 28 Tapscott, Don 37 Tasini, Jonathan 13-14 taskers 20–1 taste culture 101 Taylorism 20, 27, 29 technological determinism 22 technological utopianism 39 technology: generative 232; media 116-21; nano-112-14, 117; political organization and235 television 132; industry 46; reality 22–3, 51; shows50–1 temping 25 terms of service 156 Terranova, Tiziana 2, 4, 99, 105–6, 114,120 Textual Poachers (Jenkins)98 Thornton, Sarah 101-2 time 92 Toffler, Alvin 18, 20, 155, 217 token-wage labor 16 Towards a Philosophy of Photography (Flusser) 168 trades24 translation 227–30, 232 Tronti, Mario 25 Twitter 3 unconscious 180 unemployment 16,45 unions 15, 22–3 United States 132-3 universalism 228 unwaged labor 2, 26 USA Today 149 Index 257 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=265 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED 258Index utopianism, technological 39 utterance, politics of 183 value: extraction of 50; generation 152–3; labor theory of 26; surplus 216 vanishing mediator 172 vectoral class69–71 viral marketing73 Virno, Paulo 60 virtuality 181 virtual worlds 192 volunteer 16; on America Online 33, 37, 48, 106; fan 108–9 vox populi 19 wage labor 217 Wall Street Journal 151 warcraftmovies.com 195 Wark, McKenzie 4, 8 The Wealth of Nations (Smith) 87 web: class and215–20; participatory 212–15; platforms 212–14; server 48 web 2.0 211 website, user involvement in 48 "Whatever"130 “whateverbeing”129–30, 139, 141 Whateverlife.com 127 Whitehead, Alfred114, 116-17 Wiener, Norbert2, 168 WikiLeaks 221, 233-4 Wikipedia 7, 221-2 Williams, Dmitri 191 Williams, Raymond 221 Wired magazine 50, 88–9 word cloud 143-4 work: feminization of 24, 30; gladsome 26; play distinction from 2, 20, 159 workday 26 worker: cognitive 93; entities owned by 7; guest 5, 92; knowledge 37, 39–40; mobile 29–30; player- 193, 199 workplaces, distributed 20–2 workshops, high tech 28 workweek 26 World of Warcraft 6,187; beauty of194; end-user license agreement of 194; gold farmingin 192; growth of 188; guilds in 191; as virtual sweatshop 199 Wright, Erik 154-5 writer,freelance 13-14 Writers Guild of America22–3 writing 167–9 Yee, Nick 197 “Yi Shan Guan” (Yee) 197 YouTube 110,195,212–14 Zehle, Soenke 7 Zuckerberg, Mark 6 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=266 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Document generated by Anna's Archive around 2023-2024 as part of the DuXiu collection (https://annas-blog.org/duxiu-exclusive.html). 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