Digital Labor The Internet as Playground and Factory

nanotechnology 112–14, 117
national identity 132
nation-state 63
Negri, Antonio 90, 136–8
neoliberalism 90–3, 198, 221
netarchical capital 208
Netscape 49
netslaves 33, 50
network: actor- 60; exploitation on 152; seriality of 233; socia
6–7, 160; time 92
Network Culture (Terranova) 105
networking 160
network time 92
New Economy 35
newspapers 19, 87
New York Times 192, 221
Ni Hao (Nyhm) 195–9
nonidentity 65
nonplayer character 196
“Nyhm” 195–9
object 121–4; fan relationship with 100, 103; qualities of 123
Occupy movement 54, 73, 232–3
October Revolution 132
ofshoring 16, 25
old media 22–3
Ong, Aihwa 90–1
online communities 106, 190
ontology, object-oriented 122
open source movement 48
operaismo 25
The Order of Things (Foucault) 165, 177
Orientalism 83
Out of Control (Kelly) 42
outsourcing 16, 25
ownership: exploitation and 155–6; by workers 7
ownership class 155
P2P see peer-to-peer
Palm, Michael 25
Panopticon 88
Parisi, Luciana 112–14, 116–20
participation 212; in digital economy 52; fetishizing of 138;
personalized 140; pleasure of 153; web platforms and
212–14
participatory democracy 212, 215
participatory economy 212
participatory web 212–15
peer engagement 207
peer production 207–10
peer-to-peer (P2P) 207–10
peer-to-peer common value creation 22
peer-to-peer currency 234
peer-to-peer movement 66
peer-to-peer sharing 8
people shows 51
perception 115
Perlin, Ross 24
Pettman, Dominic 129–30
philology 176
philosophy: process 123; writing and 169
photographic apparatus 170
photography 168–70
phyle 209
piracy 73
Pirate Party 73
play: labor 26; work distinction from 2, 20, 159
player-worker 193, 199
pleasure 107, 153
Poe, Edgar Alan 86–7
political economy 58–61, 225
political organization 232, 235
political subject 136
politics 58–9; blogs and 128; of convenience 139; on Facebook
213; Internet potential for 107; posthuman 65;
progressive 73; of representation 234; of universal 228–9,
233; of utterance 183; of vectoral class 70
posthuman politics 65
postmodernism 34, 47, 181
potentia 226
potentiality 117–18
power 229, 231
prehension 116–21
press unions 15
prison labor 16
privacy 2, 150–1, 161
privatization 157, 221
process philosophies 123
production: biosphere-friendly 209; capital circulation and
216; of content 19, 218–19; integrative 29; peer 207–10
productivity 16, 231
profit: corporate 16; generation of 216; rate 218
progressive politics 73
prosumer 18, 217–19
pseudonymity 108
public access culture 22
Qualls, Ashley 127
race: Cold War and 198; in games 201; gold farming and
189–90, 192–3, 197; in MMOs 188, 191
racial discourse 194–6, 198
radio 132
Rancière, Jacques 58–9, 66
rave scene 101
Real, recession of 179
reality television 22–3, 51
re-captcha 79–80
recombinant commodity 46
rent extraction, boom in 4, 27
representation, politics of 234
“Requiem for the Media” (Baudrillard) 174
resistance, creative 7
responsive machines 2
Rheingold, Howard 47–8
rights 62, 64; copy- 72, 110; immigration without 92
risk 230
Ross, Andrew 4, 71, 106–7
Rossiter, Ned 7
SACOM see Students and Scholars Against Corporate
Misbehavior
Scholz, Trebor 21, 211
self: exploitation of 21, 25, 107; expression of, on Internet 18;
shattering of 62
sentient city 235
separation 156–7
seriality 232–3
server: economy 198, 200; industry, carbon footprint of 60;
web 48
Shirky, Clay 17
Shop Class as Soulcraft (Crawford) 24
Shumiatskii, Boris 133
signs 165, 175
simulation 181
skilled trades 24
Smith, Adam 87
Smythe, Dallas 2, 217
social capital 18–19
social factory 25, 33–4, 52, 74
socializing, infrastructure for 156
social justice 157
social media 211, 218
social movements 3
social network 6–7, 160
The Social Network 17
society: class 216; communist 220–2; control 120; disciplinary
137; of spectacle 139
software: architecture of 118–19; for logistics 230–1; studies
of 231
solidarity 140, 209
Sorkin, Aaron 17
Sorochan, Cayley 138
Soviet Union 132–3
spectacles of democracy 7
spectacular consumption 142
Spiegel 221
Spook Country (Gibson) 70
Star Trek 195
Star Wars 105
Steinkuehler, Constance 188
strategic essentialism 228
Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
(SACOM) 220
style 99–101
subcultural movements 39; oppositional 108; style in 99–101
Subculture (Hebdige) 99–100
subject 136, 182
suicide 28–9
supply chain 230
surplus value 216
surveillance 158
sustainability: environmental 209–10; of Internet 47, 106
symbolic identity 137
Taiwan 28
Tapscott, Don 37
Tasini, Jonathan 13–14
taskers 20–1
taste culture 101
Taylorism 20, 27, 29
technological determinism 22
technological utopianism 39
technology: generative 232; media 116–21; nano- 112–14,
117; political organization and 235
television 132; industry 46; reality 22–3, 51; shows 50–1
temping 25
terms of service 156
Terranova, Tiziana 2, 4, 99, 105–6, 114, 120
Textual Poachers (Jenkins) 98
Thornton, Sarah 101–2
time 92
Tofler, Alvin 18, 20, 155, 217
token-wage labor 16
Towards a Philosophy of Photography (Flusser) 168
trades 24
translation 227–30, 232
Tronti, Mario 25
Twitter 3
unconscious 180
unemployment 16, 45
unions 15, 22–3
United States 132–3
universalism 228
unwaged labor 2, 26
USA Today 149
utopianism, technological 39
utterance, politics of 183
value: extraction of 50; generation 152–3; labor theory of 26;
surplus 216
vanishing mediator 172
vectoral class 69–71
viral marketing 73
Virno, Paulo 60
virtuality 181
virtual worlds 192
volunteer 16; on America Online 33, 37, 48, 106; fan 108–9
vox populi 19
wage labor 217
Wall Street Journal 151
warcraftmovies.com 195
Wark, McKenzie 4, 8
The Wealth of Nations (Smith) 87
web: class and 215–20; participatory 212–15; platforms
212–14; server 48
web 2.0 211
website, user involvement in 48
“Whatever” 130
“whatever being” 129–30, 139, 141
Whateverlife.com 127
Whitehead, Alfred 114, 116–17
Wiener, Norbert 2, 168
WikiLeaks 221, 233–4
Wikipedia 7, 221–2
Williams, Dmitri 191
Williams, Raymond 221
Wired magazine 50, 88–9
word cloud 143–4
work: feminization of 24, 30; gladsome 26; play distinction
from 2, 20, 159
workday 26
worker: cognitive 93; entities owned by 7; guest 5, 92;
knowledge 37, 39–40; mobile 29–30; player- 193, 199
workplaces, distributed 20–2
workshops, high tech 28
workweek 26
World of Warcraft 6, 187; beauty of 194; end-user license
agreement of 194; gold farming in 192; growth of 188;
guilds in 191; as virtual sweatshop 199
Wright, Erik 154–5
writer, freelance 13–14
Writers Guild of America 22–3
writing 167–9
Yee, Nick 197
“Yi Shan Guan” (Yee) 197
YouTube 110, 195, 212–14
Zehle, Soenke 7
Zuckerberg, Mark 6