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# Capitalism-and-Its-Critics-A-History-From-the

> 页码规则：PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX 是从 0 开始的权威文件物理页索引；PRINTED_PAGE 是页面中识别出的印刷页码，可能为空，二者不得混用。

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Venezuela   
Veret, Desirée   
Versailles Treaty   
Victoire, Jeanne   
Victoria (queen)   
Victoria Mill   
Vienna   
Vietnam   
Vietnam War   
Vindication of the Rights of Woman, A (Wollstonecraft)   
Virginia Company   
Visible Hand, The (Chandler)   
Visions of Inequality (Milanović)   
Vogel, Jefim   
Vogt, Karl   
Volcker, Paul   
Voltaire   
Vorwärts   
voting rights   
Vuskovic, Pedro wages; in Britain; Cummings on; George on; for housework; industrial revolution and; Marx on; minimum; and payments for mothers; prices and; productivity and; racial divisions and; and reserve army of jobless workers; Robinson on; stagnation of; subsistence; of weavers; of women workers; see also income   
Wages Against Housework (Federici)   
Wages Due Lesbians   
Wages for Housework   
Wales   
Wallerstein, Immanuel   
Walras, Leon   
war   
War Communism   
Ward, Aaron Montgomery   
Waring, Marilyn   
War in South Africa, The (Hobson)   
Warner, Charles Dudley   
Warren, Elizabeth   
Warsaw   
Washington Consensus   
Watt, James   
Watts, John   
wealth; billionaires; compensation systems and; Cummings on; and diminishing utility of income; and dividing line between workers and capitalists; equal distribution of; George on; imperialism and; of “1 percent”; redistribution of; taxes on; Veblen on; see also inequality   
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith)   
weavers   
Weber, Max We Can Conquer Unemployment (Lloyd George)   
Weitling, Wilhelm   
Welch, Jack   
welfare; see also social programs and benefits   
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley   
Wells, H. G.   
Wernher, Julius   
Western Daily Press   
West India Association   
West Indies   
West Indies Federation   
Westley, John   
What Is Property? (Proudhon)   
Wheeler, Anna; Bentham and; at Bethlem Royal Hospital; death of; early life of; Fourier and; marriage of; Owen and; “Social Condition of Women” speech of; Thompson and; Tristan and; women’s rights and   
Wheeler, Henrietta   
Wheeler, Rosina   
Whig Party   
White, Harry Dexter   
White House Council of Economic Advisers   
White Review, The   
White Terror   
Whitney, Eli   
Whitworth, Charles   
Why the Village Movement? (Kumarappa)   
Wigforss, Ernst   
Wilberforce, William   
Wilhelm I (kaiser)   
Wilhelm II (kaiser)   
Wilkinson, William   
Williams College   
Williams, Eliza   
Williams, Eric; Capitalism and Slavery; The Economic Aspect of the Abolition of the West Indian Slave Trade and Slavery; family background and early life of; at Howard University; The Negro in the Caribbean; People’s National Movement launched by; on role of slavery in industrial capitalism (the Williams Thesis); as scholar; on slavery; as Trinidad and Tobago leader Williams, Robert   
Williams, Thomas   
Williamson, John   
Wilson, Harold   
Wilson, Woodrow   
Wohl, Cecilia   
Wolf, Julius   
Wolff, Edward N.   
Wollstonecraft, Mary   
Woman’s Emancipation; or, The Pariah’s Testament (Tristan)   
Woman’s Role in Economic Development (Boserup) women: changes to societal role of; childrearing and; clothing of; cooperative communities and; division of labor and; domestic work of; education for; nuclear family and; in Peru; in Russia; welfare programs and   
Women and Economics (Gilman)   
Women’s Educational Equity Act   
women’s rights; coverture and; marriage and; reproductive; Second Wave feminism; Thompson and; Tristan and; United Nations and; voting; wages for housework; Wheeler and   
women workers; in factories; wages of   
Wood, Adrian   
Woolf, Leonard   
Woolf, Virginia   
wool industry   
workers: children as; compensation systems for; competition among; division between capitalists and; divisions among; efforts to improve conditions for, as counterproductive; in France; imperialism and; indentured; occupational divisions among; proletariat, see proletariat; racial divisions among; slavery and; social reforms and; strikes of, see strikes; unemployment and, see unemployment; women as, see women workers; workday length for   
workers’ associations   
Workers’ Educational Association   
Workers’ Union, The (Tristan)   
Workshop, The   
Works Progress Administration (WPA)   
World Bank   
World Economic Forum (WEF)   
World Economy and Its Conjuncture During and After the War, The (Kondratiev)   
World Inequality Database   
Worldmaking After Empire (Getachew)   
world systems theory   
World Trade Organization (WTO)   
World War I; economic downturn following; Versailles Treaty and   
World War II; Britain and   
Wright, Frances   
Wright, Gavin   
Wright, Richard   
Xi Jinping   
Yergin, Danie   
Yom Kippur War   
YouGov   
Young, David   
Young Hegelians   
Young India   
Zetkin, Clara   
Zetkin, Konstantin   
Zinoviev, Grigory   
Zuckerberg, Mark   
Zucman, Gabriel

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Zurich

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Also by John Cassidy

Dot.con: The Greatest Story Ever Sold

How Markets Fail: The Logic of Economic Calamities

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A Note About the Author

John Cassidy is a staff writer at The New Yorker and the author of Dot.con: The Greatest Story Ever Sold and How Markets Fail, which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Nonfiction. He lives in New York City. You can sign up for email updates here.

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## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=677 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED

Farrar, Straus and Giroux 120 Broadway, New York 10271

Copyright © 2025 by John Cassidy   
All rights reserved   
First edition, 2025

Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint the following material: Global average GDP per capita graph (here), from “Data Page: Global Average GDP per Capita over the Long Run,” from Max Roser, Pablo Arriagada, Joe Hasell, Hannah Ritchie, and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, “Economic Growth,” 2023; data adapted from World Bank, Bolt and van Zanden, Angus Maddison. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-average-gdp-per-capita-overthe-long-run.

“Elephant Curve” graph (here), from Christoph Lakner and Branko Milanovic, “Global Income Distribution: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession,” Policy Research Working Paper WPS6719, World Bank, December 2013,   
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/914431468162277879/Global-income-distribution-fromthe-fall-of-the-Berlin-Wall-to-the-great-recession.

Cover design by Thomas Colligan

Ebook ISBN: 978-0-374-60109-6

The publisher of this book does not authorize the use or reproduction of any part of this book in any manner for the purpose of training artificial intelligence technologies or systems. The publisher of this book expressly reserves this book from the Text and Data Mining exception in accordance with Article 4(3) of the European Union Digital Single Market Directive 2019/790.

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www.fsgbooks.com Follow us on social media at @fsgbooks

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Contents

Title Page   
Copyright Notice   
Dedication   
Introduction

1. “The roguery practised in this department is beyond imagination”: William Bolts and the East India Company

2. “The mean rapacity, the monopolising spirit of merchants and manufacturers”: Adam Smith on Colonial Capitalism and Slavery

3. “On the brink for the last struggle”: The Logic of the Luddites

4. “It is time … to seek for a radical, a permanent cure of the evils that afflict society”: William Thompson’s Utilitarian Socialism

5. “In speaking of the degraded position of my sex”: Anna Wheeler and the Forgotten Half of Humanity

6. “Abandon your isolation: unite with each other!”: Flora Tristan and the Universal Workers’ Union 82

7. “One of the shabbiest Gospels ever preached on Earth”: Thomas Carlyle on Mammon and the Cash Nexus

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9. “Our friend, Moneybags”: Karl Marx’s Capitalist Laws of Motion

12. “A particularly crude form of capitalism”: John Hobson’s Theory of Imperialism

14. “The rhythm of long cycles”: Nikolai Kondratiev and the Dynamics of Capitalist Development

18. “Economics once more became political economy”: Joan Robinson and the “Bastard Keynesians”

19. “Nature … faithful and submissive to those who respect her”: J. C. Kumarappa and the Economics of Permanence

21. “The periphery of the economic system”: The Rise and Fall of Dependency Theory in Latin America

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