--- schema_version: "library-reader-v1" source_type: "original_book" title: "递归与偶然" author: null edition: null publisher: null year: null isbn: "9787576004694" library_document_id: "ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4" source_sha256: "c6c4c29967cb574649afa134d7480c6fa0dbba332ef3fae7003613904ae1c907" pdf_physical_page_count: 401 pdf_physical_page_index_base: 0 range_start: 380 range_count: 10 html_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4?start=380&limit=10" markdown_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4.md?start=380&limit=10" previous_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4.md?start=370&limit=10" next_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4.md?start=390&limit=10" --- # 递归与偶然 > 页码规则：PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX 是从 0 开始的权威文件物理页索引；PRINTED_PAGE 是页面中识别出的印刷页码，可能为空，二者不得混用。 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=380 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Apollinaire, 269–70 appearance, 31–32, 64 Aristotle, 5, 12, 12n22, 106, 118, 206 art, 160, 207–10, 254 De Arte Combinatoria (Leibniz), 116 artificial intelligence (AI), 2, 103, 138, 166–67, 252–53 artificiality, 174 artificial systems, 118, 175 artist, 207–8 Ashby, W. Ross, 75, 124–26, 134, 192 associated milieu, 205 atoms, 65–66, 120 attraction, repulsion and, 58–59 Bernard, Claude, 123–24, 179–80, 179nn113-14 Aufhebung, 88 Berque, Augustin, 34 Augustine, 254, 276 auto-finality, 14, 136, 142, 273 Bertalanffy, Ludwig von, 17, 73–76, 76n128, 102–3, 136 bifurcations, 30, 39, 265 automata, 103, 115, 121–22 automation, 103, 114–15, 248 automatism, 183, 272 Bigelow, Julian, 123 automaton, 13, 31–32 autonomy, 132 autopoiesis, 83, 127 Bildungstrieb, 4, 60 axiological function, 193 Bachelard, Gaston, 178 Bateson, Gregory, 19, 107–8, 132– 38, 143, 148 200, 221; Creative Evolution by, 26, 147, 153, 158, 163–74, 203; on élan vital, 164, 166–67, 178; on geometrism, 167–68, 202; on intuition, 227; Kant and, 164–65; on machine, 164–65; Matter and Memory by, 171; on mechanism, 118, 164, 182; on organology, 163–75; Platonism of, 177; on recursivity, 170; Two Sources of Morality and Religion by, 167, 169, 173–74, 173n89, 174n90 beauty, 49 becoming infinite, 6 Black Notebook (Heidegger), 104-5 Black, Joseph, 80 biology, 5, 272–73; Canguilhem and Goldstein on, 181; computational, 114; mechanism and, 71–72; on organism, 49, 182; philosophy of, 183–84; rise of, 86; synthetic, 217–18; technics and, 157 le Blanc, Guillaume, 158, 177, 179 Begriff, 93, 98 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 51 Bloch, Ernst, 11 being, 6, 99, 104–5, 120, 145, 188, 195 being there, 30, 222 body, organs and, 190–91 Being, 31, 230 Beiser, Frederick, 65 body-mind problem, 120 Bergson, Henri, 16, 118n91, 119, 122–23, 148–49; against adaptation, 178-79, 178n107; Canguilhem and, 153, 167–71, Bohr, Niels, 122 Boutroux, Émile, 38, 43 brain machine, 107 brains, 219, 248 Brassier, Ray, 251–53, 258–59 Brentano, Franz, 211–12, 214 Brown, John, 51n29, 61, 179n112 Bruno, Giordano, 8 368递归与偶然 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=381 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED calculus of reasoning, 115-16 Cambridge Platonists, 24n48 canalization, 204 Canguilhem, George, 25–26, 147–49, 155–57, 159-61, 163, 175–80, 176n95; Bergson and, 153, 167–71, 200, 221; on biology, 181; concept of life, 184; on Friedmann, 182–83; Knowledge of Life by, 158; The Normal and the Pathological by, 179, 179n114 Cannon, W. B., 123 capital, 218-220, 251, 264, 273, 275- 276 Das Capital (Marx), 183 capitalism, 275–76 Cartesian philosophy, 5-6, 117–18, 120, 153, 238 Cassirer, Ernst, 25, 25n50, 32n56, 37,134 de Castro, Viveiros, 262 Categories (Aristotle), 12 causality, 15, 67, 190, 206 causation, immanent, 181 cause, 7–8, 18, 47, 49, 160 cause and effect, 57-58 cell, 16–17, 26n52 chance, 13-14, 31 change, 14-15 chaos, 37 Char, René, 230n85 check, 52 Chinese philosophy, 23-25, 23n47, 124n114, 264n80,275 Chinese science and technology, 22–23, 265, 271–72, 277 Christianity, 233-34 Christian theology, 104 Christogenesis, 245-50 church organs, 154, 155 circularity, 5, 10, 56–63 classical AI, 138, 253 classical logic, 106 classical machine, 107 cohesion, 60 collective individuation, 193-200, 202 collective memory, 205 command, judgment versus, 9 communication, 121, 198 communication technology, 83 community, 46, 57 complexity, 15, 244 complexity theory, 49 computational biology, 114 computational hermeneutics, 210-11 computational theory, 109 computation theory, 103 Comte, Auguste, 45–46, 179 co-naturality, 226 the concept, 146 The Concept of the Political (Schmitt), 247 concrete, abstract and, 92, 94 concretization, 19, 76, 140, 218, 220-24 consciousness: Brentano's model of, 211–12; experience of, 91; Husserl on, 212–14, 213; mechanism and, 182; object and, 56; reality of, 167–68; selfconsciousness and, 86, 129; timeconsciousness, 213 The Consciousness of Machines: A Metaphysics of Cybernetics (Günther), 106–7 consumerism, 215 contingency: absolute, 258-59; the Absolute and, 35–38, 95; algorithmic, 141-42; causality and, 15; chaos and, 37; correlationism, 257; domesticated 101; double, 20; finality and, 索 引 369 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=382 | PRINTED_PAGE=370 12–15; formal, 98–99; Gould on, 138; Hegel on, 94–96, 98–99; information from, 7; laws of nature, 41, 43; in mechanical model, 11; modal logic and, 12-14; in movement, 13; nature and, 41, 94–96; necessity and, 44–45, 68, 86, 101; the Notion and, 101; objective, 36; organology and, 200–207; as possibility, 11; possible, 12n22; probability and, 13; reason and, 11-12; reflected, 101; resilience, 22; Schelling on, 43, 95; sheer, 52; Simondon on, 28; Spinoza's system against, 48; submission to, 188–89; after system, 256–63; in systemic philosophy, 41–42; in systemization, 35; technology and, 193–94; as unity, of actual, possible and, 99. See also recursivity, contingency and recursivity, contingency and Conway, John Horton, 145 correlationism, 251-52, 257–58 cosmogony, 57 cosmology, future, 35–39 cosmopoiesis, 226 cosmotechnics, 1, 29, 39, 105, 223, 226, 270–78 Cournot, Augustin, 15, 36 Couturat, Louis, 117–18 creation, 4 Creative Evolution (Bergson), 26, 147, 153, 158, 163–74, 203 creative whole, 149 creativity, 14, 170–72, 174 criticism, 189–90 Critique of Judgment (Kant), 2-3, 8, 62, 148, 220–21, 221n69; on beauty, 49; Bergson and, 164–65; on cybernetics, 46, 164; on idealism, realism, 48; philosophy of technology in, 159; on recursivity, 55; on reflective judgment, 45, 47, 49, 49n23, 237; Simondon on, 190; on teleological judgment, 46 Critique of Practical Reason (Kant), 51n29 Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 2n3, 3, 3n7, 12–13, 50, 108, 228 cultural-technics, 185-87 culture, 26–27, 39, 223 Cuvier, Georges, 90–91 cyberneticians, 16–17 cybernetic machines, 18, 129, 139, 142, 145 "Cybernetic of 'Self': A Theory on Alcoholism" (Bateson), 134–35 cvbernetics 1.3.27 32 185 yvreus, 1, , 1, , 1, 199, 229, 272–75; Bertalanffy and, 76n128; Chinese science, technology and, 23; in Critique of Judgment, 46, 164; of cybernetics, 124–29; as end of philosophy, 105; epistemology and, 38, 194; Hegel and, 105; Heidegger on, 19–20, 244; idealism and, 86; Leibniz and, 115–16, 119; Lovelock on, 81-82; as mechanical organicism, 124; as mechanical organism, 16; mechanist, 142; metaphysics of, 107–8, 244–45; organicism and, 24; overcoming dualism, 17; recursivity in, 86, 104, 125; second-order, 143; selfconsciousness, 86; self-reflective, 103; Simondon on, 28n53, 228; universal, 187-93; the unknown in, 141; of Wiener, 121, 147, 192, 221 370 递归与偶然 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=383 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Cybernetics Communication and Control in Man and Animals (Wiener), 17, 118, 192 Dioptrique (Descartes), 157 directedness, 214 cyborg, 147 Discourse on Method (Descartes), 192 disease, 181-82 Dalton, John, 71, 92n25 disparation, 131-132, 188, 196-197 Darwin, Charles, 76, 76n130 diversification, 21 Dasein, 30, 222, 253 domesticated contingency, 101 dataism, 247–48 double contingency, 20 death, 197 Dreyfus, Hubert, 252–53 debt, 214–15 Driesch, Hans, 16, 71 decadence, 83 drives, 236 Dedekind, Richard, 110 Drosophila, 137 Deleuze, Gilles, 6, 18n34, 117, 225, 271-72 dualism, 17, 120, 166 duality, 54 deliberation, 45n6 dynamic atoms, 65–66 Derrida, Jacques, 211, 214, 225 Descartes, René: on automata, 115; on church organs, human bodies and, 154, 155; Discourse on Method by, 192; mechanical organs and, 153–57; on mechanism, 2-3, 155-57 earth, 8, 28, 31, 34-25, 78–83,186, 219, 233, 252, 270 ecological paradigm, organicist paradigm and, 68-78 ecology, 28–29, 76–78, 215–20, 270 efficient cause, 49 Descola, Philippe, 262 ego, action of, 20 determinate judgment, 140–41, 221 élan vital, 136, 164, 166–67, 178, 221,238 determination, 220 determinism, 248 Eldredge, Niles, 137-38, 138n162 deus ex machina, 120 Eleatic rationality, 5 dialectical duality, 43 electron, 119–21, 188 dialectical movement, 11 Ellul, Jacques, 21, 34-25, 244, 272, dialectics, 88, 92–93, 130–40, 177, 183 empiricism, 257 empty signs, 259–61 différance, 211, 214, 265 end of nature, 28, 233–34 difference, 133, 135, 258 enframing, 34 The Difference between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy (Hegel), 53-54 Enlightenment philosophy, 78, 247 entelechy, 16, 71, 238 entropy, negative, 131 differentiation, 119 environment, 185–86, 204 differentiation, unification and, 56, 60 epigenetics, 203-4 epiphylogenetic memory, 205 digital feedback, 216 digital recursion, 114 epistemology, 17, 19, 25, 245, 263, 275-76; absolute contingency in, 索 引371 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=384 | PRINTED_PAGE=372 37; Cartesian, 153; cybernetics and, 38, 194; Kant and, 49; the organic and, 104; on process, of knowing, 133-34; as recursive, 127; of the unknown, 229 on subjective subject-object, 54; Wissenschaftslehre of, 53-55 equilibrium, 130 figure-ground theory, 29–30, 162–63, 223, 225–26 Ereignis, 207, 210 final cause, 47, 160 finalism, 164–65, 169, 178, 273 Ernst, Max, 209 finality, 12–15, 142, 164, 169 eternal loop, 67 the finite, 6, 62, 117 Ethics (Spinoza), 63 fire, 151–53, 181–84 event, 210 First Outline of a System of Philosophy (Schelling), 61, 63, 66 evil, 34, 224–25 van Foerster, Heinz, 107–8, 126 evolution, 5, 27, 136–38, 163–64, 170, 174, 203–4, 273. See also Creative Evolution (Bergson) the fold, 6 force, 11, 58–60, 64–65, 70, 80, 166, 197-98 excess information, 139 excitation, powers of, 61 form, 7, 148–49, 176, 197. See also organic form existence, 101, 110–11 formal actuality, 99 exorganism, 26 formal drive, 236 expansive force, 80 formalism, 37, 128–29 expectation, 35 formative drive, 51 extension, 170-71, 212 Foucault, Michel, 179, 267 exterior, interior and, 222-23 frame problem, 253 exteriorization, 25, 127, 203, 143- 144, 146, 161, 170, 181, 202, 207, 235,265 Frazer, James, 223n71 Fredkin, Edward, 145 external finality, 11, 164 freedom, 33–34, 50, 52, 102, 170– 71,248 extropia, 246 French Revolution, 43–44, 235 Friedmann, Georges, 182–83 faith, 8 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb: on the Absolute, 53-54; on absolute I. 52: formalism of, 128–29; Grant on, 54–55; Hegel and, 53–54, 127–29; ich of, 51–55; the I in, 128; Kant and, 51–52; recursive model of, 54-55; on recursivity, 54–55, 55n47, 128- 29; Schelling and, 53–54, 150; Fukushima nuclear catastrophe, 233 feedback, 20, 105–6, 108, 123–25, 134–35, 142–43, 216, 263 Fuller, Buckminster, 77 Fibonacci number, 113-14 functional equivalence, 192–93 functional organs, 200 functors, 127 future cosmology, 35–39, 249 Gaia, 29, 81–83, 82n151 Gale, George, 120 Geist, 9 gene-centrism, 17n31 general allagmatic, 26, 192–93, 222 general equivalence, 233-34 general organism, 28, 44, 67, 69, 219-20 372 递归与偶然 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=385 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED general organology, 25–26, 147, 157, 172,176 general physics, 244 general recursivity, 106-15 general systems theory, 73–74, 192, 274 genetics, 75, 136–37, 252 geology, 78–80 geometrism, 167–68, 202 germ, 93 German idealism, 76, 106, 116, 129 Gestalt psychology, 29–30, 162–63, 223-24 Gestell, 34, 229, 231 Gille, Bertrand, 223 globalization, technological, 233-34 God, 33, 262–63; as cause, 7–8; death of, 105; emergence of systems and, 20; evil and, 225; ex machina, 120; Genesis, 262; natural phenomena and, 34–35; nature and, 48; Spinoza on, 63; technology replacing, 35 Goddard, Jean-Christophe, 128-29 Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (Hofstadter), 110 Gödel, Kurt, 38, 43, 105–13, 108n71, 124–25, 210–11, 259 Gödel numbering, 111, 261 Goebbels, Joseph, 186n5 Goethe, 90–91 Golding, William, 82 Goldstein, Kurt, 25, 162–63, 180–81, 200,216,224 good, evil and, 34 Google, 218 Gould, Stephen Jay, 137–38, 138n162 Grant, Iain Hamilton, 52, 54–55, 78 gravitation, 59, 80 the great completion, 19–25 ground: absolute, 87; of existence, 101; figure and, 29–30, 162–63, 223, 225–26; groundless, 7, 231; Leibniz on, 116–17; original, 7, 43, 225; principle of, 220–32; reason and, 116–17; of technology, 223, 226; unthinged, 87 group dynamics, 187-88 Growth and Form (Thompson), 72 Grundsatz, of social system, 20 Guimbal engine, 191, 204 Günther, Gotthard, 103, 106–8, 129 Guyer, Paul, 50 Haeckel, Ernst, 76–77 Haff, Peter, 21–22, 22n43 Hahn, Songsuk Susan, 97–98 Haldane, J. B. S., 120–21 Haldane, J. S., 24n49, 70n105, 73, 124n110 happiness, 50 hardware, 252 Hartmann, Nicolai, 33n59 Hegel, G. W. F., 3, 11–12, 14, 44; on the Absolute, 87; Canguilhem on, 175; on contingency, 94–96, 98–99; cybernetics and, 105; dialectic, 88, 92–93; The Difference between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy by, 53–54; Fichte and, 53–54, 127–29; Gödel and, 109; Günther on, 106; Heidegger on, 103–4; on the Idealists, 87; Krug on, 94; logic of, 106, 140; metaphysics of, 184; Naturphilosophie of, 92– 93, 102–3; on notion, in nature, 96–97, 101; Phenomenology of Spirit by, 86–91, 95; Philosophy of Right by, 96; on plants, 索 引373 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=386 | PRINTED_PAGE=374 92–93; on real necessity, 100; on reason, 175, 235; on recursivity, contingency and, 85–86; recursivity of, 129; reflective logic of, 90–93, 105, 107; reflective mechanism of, 103; on Schelling, 53–54, 87, 87n6, 91; The Science of Logic by, 87–88, 92, 96, 98; on seed, 93; Spinoza and, 87–88; on spirit, 86 Heidegger, Martin, 6n12, 265; on Being, 31, 230; Black Notebook of, 104–5; Char on, 230n85; cosmotechnical thinking of, 105; on cybernetics, 19–20, 244; on Dasein, 30, 222, 253; on end, of philosophy, 234, 275; on Ereignis, 207, 210; on Gestell, 229, 231; on Hegel, 103–4; on modern technology, 230–31, 271, 276–77; on nature, 1; on ontotheology, 104; on the organic, 25; The Principle of Reason by, 230; "The Question Concerning Technology" by, 30; Schelling and, 10, 33n60; Simondon on, 229, 274; on technics, 42; on thrownness, 205 Hemmung, 10, 92, 95, 169, 197 Henrich, Dieter, 101 Heraclitus, 1, 41, 85, 140–41, 145, 233 heredity, technical, 26 hermeneutics, computational, 210-11 heuristic, 47, 237–38 Hinton, Geoff, 138 Historical-Critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology (Schelling), 79 history, 11, 97–98 hitting bottom, 135 Hofstadter, Douglas, 110, 218 Holling, C. S., 83n155 homeostasis, 81-82, 124, 134 Homer, xiii Homo deus, 247, 264 human body, 154, 155 humanism, 37, 246–47, 263, 269 humanity, 247–48, 250 human-machine relation, 140 human reality, 30, 222 Husserl, Edmund, 77, 201–2, 211- 14,213 Hutton, James, xv, 78-81 Huxley, Julian, 249 hylomorphism, 70, 148, 187-188 hylozoism, 48, 51 the I, 52–54, 128 I being thought, 54 ich, 9–10, 51-55 the Idea, 101-2 idealism, 48, 53, 76, 86, 106, 116, 127-29 idealist morphology, 91 Idealists, 51, 87, 134, 146 Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature (Schelling), 57–58, 61 identity, philosophy of, 53-54 imagination, productive, 52-53 immanence, 8 immanent causation, 181 immanent reflection, 88 immediate sense certainty, 87 inadaptation, 178-79 inanimate being, 120 incomputability, algorithmic contingency and, 140–44 indeterminacy, 220, 235 Indifferenz, 59 individual memory, 205 individual norm, 216–17 374 递归与偶然 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=387 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED individual substance, 5-6, 119 individuation, 3-7, 19, 28, 60, 71, 94, 188, 193–200, 202–3, 207–9, 225 L'Individuation (Simondon), 197–98 industrialism, 73, 186 industrialization, 2, 27, 73–74 Industrial Revolution, 69, 73, 148, 182, 215-16 Industry 4.0, 215 the infinite, 6, 11, 62, 117, 121 infinite force, 11 infinite metamorphosis, 68 information, 129, 188–89, 198, 203, 238; of dialectics, 130–40; feedback and, 105–6; giving form, 7; Simondon on, 18–19; theory, 132, 141, 145 inhibition, 10, 95 the inhuman, 32, 250–51, 253–55, 261,263 inhuman contra system, 250–56 inhumanity, 247, 253–54 inhumanization, 217 inorganic, 28–29, 245 inorganic organicity, 215-20 instinct, 174 intellectual intuition, 51-52, 227–28 intelligence, 166–69, 171–74. See also artificial intelligence interior, exterior and, 222-23 interiorization, 117, 203 internal finality, 164 internalization, 181 internal resonance, 190 intuition, 51–52, 109–10, 227–28, 228n82 inversion, 171 Ionian physiology, 5 the irrational, 33 iteration, 52, 260 I think, 51–52, 54 Jacob, François, 118–19, 131n135 Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 53 Jankelevich, Vladimir, 164 Jonas, Hans, 17, 142, 142n172 judgment, 9, 140–41. See also reflective judgment; teleological judgment Kant, Immanuel, 145, 172–73, 220, 266; on attraction, repulsion, 58; Bergson and, 164–65; Bertalanffy on, 74–75; Cassirer on, 25, 25n50; Critique of Practical Reason by, 51n29; Critique of Pure Reason by, 2n3 3, 3n7, 12–13, 50, 108, 228; on deliberation, 45n6; epistemology and, 49; Fichte and, 51–52; on intellectual intuition, 227-28; I think of, 51–52; Lyotard on, 241; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science by, 58; modal logic of, 12–13; model of system, 42; models of, 51; on natural end, 47, 49–50, 49n23, 125; on nature, 46–48, 159–62; ontology and, 49–50; Opus Postumum by, 50; on the organic, 2, 46, 83–84, 184; on organism, 28–29, 47; as philosopher, of technology, 157–63; on reason, 44–45, 45n5; Schelling and, 51, 56–60, 62; Schiller on, 235; on Schwämerei, 259; on Spinoza, 48; on systematization, 44; on teleological judgment, 4, 8–9; on teleology, 45n7; Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770 by, 3n4; on Timaeus, 62. See also Critique of Judgment (Kant) Kapp, Ernst, 25–26 索 引375 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=388 | PRINTED_PAGE=376 Kilmeyer, Carl Friedrich, 61 Kirchner, James, 82n151 Klee, Paul, 257–58 knowing, process of, 133–34, 141, 182 knowledge, 131, 134; axiology of, 193; facts and, 242; heterogeneity of, 258; individuation and, 197–98; Lyotard on, 242–43; objective, 129; scientific, 141, 156; systematization, 54–56; transvaluation of, 37 Knowledge of Life (Canguilhem), 158 Koestler, Arthur, 75 Korzybski, Alfred, 132-33 Koyré, Alexander, 8n15 Krug, Wilhelm Traugott, 94 Kuhn, Thomas, 267 Küppers, Bernd-Olaf, 56 language, 203 Latour, Bruno, 29, 77 Lawrence, Joseph P., 64 laws of chance, 11 Leibniz, Gottfried, 5–6, 24, 24n48, 38, 65; De Arte Combinatoria by, 116; best of all possible worlds, 141, 141n168; Bergson on, 164; calculus of reasoning, 115-16; on communication, 121; cybernetics and, 115–16, 119; Deleuze on, 117; finalism of, 164; on ground, 116–17; the infinite, the finite and, 117; Le système nouveau de la nature by, 120; metaphysics of, 119; monad of, 117-18; Monadology of, 116–17; Needham on, 23, 116; organic philosophy of, 116; on soul, 118; universal symbolism of, 115–16; Wiener on, 119-122 laws of nature, 41, 43 Leibnizianism, 115-24 Lenoir, Timothy, 4, 4n8 Le paradigme perdu: La nature humaine (Morin), 21 Leroi-Gourhan, André, 25-26, 266 Le Sage, Georges-Louis, 58 Lewin, Kurt, 187–88 life, 60; adaptation, 187; as artificial, 174; Canguilhem and, 184; complexity of, 15; creativity of, 170; knowing, 182; matter, as product of, 66; as the Notion, 97; organic form of, 67; as recursive process, 175–76; teleology of, 157 livestock farming, 186 linear mechanical movement, 14 life science, 247–48 light, 120, 131 Livet, Pierre, 54, 125–29 living being, 195 living organism, 122-23 local minima, 139 logic: Aristotelian, 106; classical, 106; of Hegel, 106, 140; modal, 12–14; natural, 167–68; organicist, 90–-93; reflective, 90 93, 105, 107; symbolic, 110–11; two-valued, 107 logical emanation, 43 loop, 20, 113, 123, 128, 135, 141–43, 218,263 Lovelock, James, 28, 81–83 luck, 189 Luhmann, Niklas, 20–21, 20n37, 127, 129, 219, 239–40, 244 Lyotard, Jean-François, 22, 32, 45n8, 236–45, 250–56, 258–59, 263, 268-70 376 递归与偶然 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=389 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Mabille, Bernard, 94 machine, 27, 106–7, 200; animal and, 2–3; Bergson on, 164–65; cybernetic, 18, 129, 139, 142, 145; humans, as organizers of, 140; open, 189, 278; organism and, 124, 146–47, 182–83; reason and, 235–36; reasoning, 116; trivial versus nontrivial, 126; Turing, 106–15, 124–25, 145, 260–61; Wiener on, 29 machine learning, 2, 103 MacKay, Donald, 132 magical intuition, 227 magic phase, 222–23, 223n71 magnetism, 57, 60, 86 Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, 13 Malebranche, Nicolas, 120 Mangold, Hilde, 70n104 Margulis, Lynn, 28, 81–83 Mars, 34 Marx, Karl, 2, 183 material drive, 236 materialism, 30–31, 55, 143–44, 259 mathematical formalism, 37 mathematical intuition, 109-10 mathematical symbolism, 37 mathematics, 38, 75, 108, 110–11, 130, 187–88, 259 matter: in evolution, 170; force and, 198; form and, 148–49; intelligence and, 166, 168–69, 172-73; as internalized organs, 173; as movement, 170; organizing, 145; as product of life, 66 Matter and Memory (Bergson), 171 Matthews, Bruce, 61, 150 Maxwell's demon, 130-31 Mayr, Ernst, 142, 164 McCulloch, Warren, 123 McLuhan, Marshall, 77–78 the mechanical, the organic and, 104–5, 161 mechanical form, 62 mechanical laws, 47, 153–54 mechanical model, 11, 153-54 mechanical organicism, 3, 24, 103, 123-24 mechanical organism, 16 mechanical organs, 153-57 mechanics: Newtonian, 118–19, 122; quantum, 119–20, 122; statistical, 17, 31, 118–19, 122 mechanism, 4n8, 11, 211; advancement of, 105–6; Bergson on, 118, 164, 182; biology and, 71–72; Cartesian, 146; consciousness and, 182; Descartes on, 2-3, 155-57; industrialization and, 73–74; natural, 160; of nature, 57; organicism and, 70; organism and, 273–74; recursivity, contingency and, 138; reflective, 103; Schelling against, 68–69; in systemic philosophy, 42; vitalism and, 16–19, 70, 86, 145 mechanist cybernetics, 142 mechanology, 27, 200 Meillassoux, Quentin, 36–38, 251– 52, 257–62, 258n70, 278 memory, 4, 25–26, 131, 202, 205 Mensch, Jennifer, 2n3, 3n3 metabolism, of plant, 92 Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (Kant), 58 metaphysics: on being, beings, 104 5; of cybernetics, 107–8, 244–45; end of, 19–20; of Hegel, 184; Leibnizian, 119; of Spinoza, 48; will and, 105 Metaphysics (Aristotle), 12 metastability, 60, 208–9 索 引377 下一段：[继续读取](https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4.md?start=390&limit=10)