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1. this network effect: Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian, Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1999), 173 et seq.

1. business dynamism, driven by innovative disruptors: Ryan A. Decker, John Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, and Javier Miranda, "Declining Dynamism, Allocative Efficiency, and the Productivity Slowdown," Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-019, https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2017.019.

1. antitrust case againstGoogle in Europe: See, e.g., Benjamin Edelmann, “Does Google Leverage Market Power Through Tying and Bundling?" Journal of Competition Law and Economics11, no.2 (2015), 365- 400, https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhv016.

1. go beyond regulating anticompetitive behavior: Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice E. Stucke, Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the Algorithm-Driven Economy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016); see also Maurice Stucke and Allen Grunes, Big Data and Competition Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).

1. economists . . . offer an intriguing idea: Jens Pr ü fer and Christoph Schottm ü ller, "Competing with BigData," February 16, 2017, TILEC Discussion Paper 2017-006, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2918726; this extends an idea originally suggested in C é dric Argenton and Jens Prü fer, "Search Engine Competition with Network Externalities,"Journal of Competition Law and Economics 8 (2012), 73- 105, https://pure.uvt.nl/portal/files/1373523/ search\_engines.pdf.

1. Homogeneity of the systems we employ: We see similar prob- lems emerge with crops and fruits lacking genetic variety, such as the conventional banana (the “Cavendish" ) that is threatened by its vulnerability to a dangerous fungus; see, e.g., “A Future with No Bananas?" NewScientist, May 13, 2006, https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9152-a-future-withno-bananas.

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第9章 工作权益与分配正义

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1. middle-income desk jobs that.. . will disappear:Michael Chui, James Manyika, and Mehdi Miremadi, “Where Machines Could Replace Humans—and Where They Can't (Yet)." Mc-KinseyQuarterly(July 2016), http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digitalmckinsey/our-insights/where-machines-could-replace-humans-and-where-they-cantyet.

1. advent of a “second machine age” : Brynjolfsson and McAfee, The Second Machine Age.

1. “labor share” has declined considerably: MatthiasKehrig and Nicolas Vincent, “Growing Productivity Without Growing Wages: The Micro-Levèt Anatomy of the Aggregate Labor Share Decline,"CESifoWorking Paper SeriesNo. 6454, May 3, 2017, https://ssrn.com/ abstract=2977787.

1. In most advanced economies, labor share: International Labor Organization and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,“The Labour Share in G20 Economies" (February 2015), 11, https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/employment-and-social-policy/ The-Labour-Share-in-G20-Economies.pdf; OECD Employment Outlook 2012, 115, http:// www.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/oecd- employment-outlook-2012\_empl\_outlook-2012-en.

1. fallen in the large economies of India and China: Loukas Karabarbounis and Brent Neiman, “The Global Decline of the Labor Share,"” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 1 (January 2013),61–103,n1.

1. labor share globally has been dropping: Ibid, 1.

1. something that affects them all: OECD Employment Outlook 2012,119.

1. displaces blue-collar and low- and middle-income: Ibid., 115- 116.

1. temporary gigs with limited or no benefits: lan Hathaway and Mark Muro, “Tracking the Gig Economy: New Numbers," Brookings Institution, October 13, 2016, https://www.brookings. edu/research/tracking-the-gig-economy-new-numbers; the gig economy is nct limited to advanced economies; see, e.g., Mark Graham, Isis Hjorth, and Vili Lehdonvirta, "Digital Labour and Development: Impacts of Global Digital Labour Platforms and the Gig Economy on Worker Livelihoods,"Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, March 16,

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“A Consumption-Type or Cash Flow Personal Income Tax," 87 Harvard Law Review 1113 (1974).

1. support across the political spectrum: In addition to politicians such as Democratic Senator Ben Cardin (https://www.cardin.senate.gov/PC) and think tanks such as the conservative American Enterprise Institute (AEl), advocates include hightech figures such as Bill Gates (Tim Worstall, “Bill Gates Points to the Best Tax System, the Progressive Consumption Tax," Forbes,March18,2014,https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2014/03/18/bill-gatespoints-to-the-best-tax-system-the-progressive-consumption-tax).

1. to spot changes in skill demand: We are not alone suggesting this; see, e.g., World Economic Forum, The Future of Jobs Report(January 2016), 24 and 29, http://www3.weforum.org/ docs/WEF\_Future\_of\_Jobs.pdf.

1. "look to build a monopoly” : Peter Thiel, “Competition Is for Losers," Wall Street Journal, September 12, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-thiel-competition-is-forlosers-1410535536.

1. choose the job they like: See also Van Parijs and Vanderborght,Basic Income, 165- 169.

第10章 人类的选择

1. become “a CEO of a retail company”: Ryan Mac, "Stitch Fix: The\$250 Million Startup Playing FashionistaMoneyball,” Forbes, June1,2016, www.forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2016/06/01/ fashionista-moneyball-stitch-fix-katrina-lake/#54e798e859a2.

1. "constantly maxing out Lake's \$6,000-limit credit card”: Ibid.

1. a potential start-up “unicorn” : “Fifty Companies That May Be the Next Start-Up Unicorns,” New York Times, August 23, 2015, https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/here-are-thecompanies-that-may-be-the-next-50-start-up-unicorns/?\_r=0.

1. enables Stitch Fix to be a matchmaker: http://algorithms-tour.stitchfix.com.

1. a social debt that most customers choose to repay: Much like the personal debt that transaction partners have been found to want to repay when they receive positive feedback; see, e.g., Gary Bolton, Ben Greiner, and Alex Ockenfels, “Engineering Trust—Reciprocity in the Production of Reputation Information," Management Science 59, no. 2 (2013), 265 – 285.

1. onein four trucks drive empty: Robert Matthams, “Despite High Fuel Prices, Many Trucks Run Empty," Christian Science Monitor, February25,2012, http://www.csmonitor.com/ Business/2012/0225/Despite-high-fuel-prices-many-trucks-run-empty.

1. one of the pioneer venture capitalists: “EugeneKleiner,”Kleiner, Perkins,Caufield,and Byers,http://www.kPCb.com/partner/eugene-kleiner.

1. fear is that as we delegate decisions to machines: See, e.g., Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).

1. The end of scarcity: Ibid.

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1983年，美国未来学巨擘托夫勒的《第三次浪潮》对改革开放之初的中国产生了深远影响。……我深切期望《数据资本时代》一书也能唤起我们对新时代的向往，激励我们共同参与海量数据市场的创建，推动人类社会的不断进步。

田溯宁宽带资本创始人兼董事长

《数据资本时代》对市场与金钱、公司与金融、数字化与数据等问题做了新的思考。其对未来饶有兴趣的预测与讨论，有的在时下的中国正在发生，有的可能会在未来的中国以不同的方式涌现。

——巴曙松北京大学汇丰金融研究院执行院长香港交易所集团董事总经理、首席中国经济学家国家“十三五”发展规划专家委员会委员

人类历史是一部数据技术的进化史。从占卜、抓阄到投票选举，它们都是数据采集和数据决策。货币其实也是一种包含着存贮、转递的数据技术，它让价值的交易在变得高效和普适的同时，导致了信息扭曲和市场失灵。这本书通过清晰的分析和论证告诉我们，数据技术的迅猛发展正在消除货币的天然缺陷，正在重新定义和塑造货币，并最终取代货币。一种巨大的颠覆性创新正在发生：金融资本主义必定被数据资本主义所取代。这将导致一系列行业（尤其是金融行业）地震和社会震荡。这是一本表述低调却让人脑洞大开的预言书。

吴伯凡北京大学新媒体研究院研究员《冬吴相对论》《冬吴同学会》主讲人当海量数据市场悄悄出现，数据就成为资本，成为权社会结构必将出来公司以及未来威的指南！民大学副校长

大数据与云计算究竟能够在多大程度上提振经济增速？“完全自动化”对人类而言是福还是祸？人类最终会被机器控制吗？这本书能够帮助你去自行探究上述问题的答案。

张明中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所研究员、平安证券首席经济学家

大数据不仅从成本、效率、体验等方面提升了生产力而且更深刻地改变着生产关系。对于“完美风暴”之下的中国金融业来说，拥抱大数据资本时代、用好大数据技术，进而以金融科技引领未来发展，至关重要。这本书从多个方面为我们带来了启发，值得关心大数据的各界人士，特别是金融从业者、监管者认真一读。

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这本书是一部从整个人类文明和经济发展的大视角，来分析大数据革命性影响的作品。作者以生动的案例故事为线索，将大数据作为经济基础的要素之一，从企业内部的微观层面到社会分配和未来发展的宏观层面，启发我们思考大数据资本时代所带给我们的信息传递与共享的巨大益处。无论是专业人士还是非专业读者，都值得细细品味。

金海年经济学博士，清华控股产业研究院执行院长

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