Million Penguins, A (wiki-novel project) 26
Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication 100
‘mobile money’ services 83, 84, 87, 88
Mollick, Ethan 6–7
MoMA (Museum of Modern Art) 52
Mont St. Michel 52
MOOCs 94
Mosco, Vincent 7
Musée de la Marine 52
Musée d’Orsay 52
Musée du Louvre 40
museums 52
music sector 4, 21, 27, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 50, 73, 85–87, 97 importance for crowdfunding platforms 41 most funded projects 41
mutual aid 71–72, 80, 81
mutual funds 24
Myartinvest 43
MyMajorCompany 45, 52, 86, 101
mythification 2
N
national public players 91–93
naturalization 2, 19, 21
Negri, Antonio 37, 104
neoliberalism 23, 80
networking 2, 65, 67
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) 94
New Spirit of Capitalism, The (2018) 7, 73
Noël, Jean-Sébastien 65
non-profit organizations 5, 47, 54
Noob (film) 3
normalization 64, 65, 85, 104 transnational 9
Les Nouvelles Frontières du travail à l’ère du numérique (2017) 63
Nutting, Matthew 21
O
Obama, President Barack 47 campaign funding 48
open competition 20
open source community 104
Orange 83–84, 89, 90, 94–97
O’Reilly, Tim 1
outsourcing 7, 16, 17, 19, 39, 62, 99, 101–103
P
Palmer, Amanda 4
Palouki, Christian 87, 92, 93
Paris 102
participation 1–2, 23, 27, 29, 38, 54, 62, 70, 99, 102 allows expression 36 citizen 102 culture of 18 horizontal 20 idea of 7 ideology of 7, 38, 79 as operational tool 16, 28
participative democracy 48, 101
participative funding 23, 104
Participatory Economics 38–39
partnerships 43, 45–47, 67, 70, 82, 91
pasanku 81
pathfinders 62
Patreon 2, 41, 49, 101
patronage 23
Paydunya 83, 87, 93
PayPal 46
Péchan, Romain 62
pedagogy 80, 82, 94–95, 103
peer-production 16
Pellerin, Fleur 35
permanent revolution (see also capitalism) 16, 20
Peru 85
Plan Sénégal Émergent (PSE) 92
platforms 1 alternative (see also alternative) 37 types of 37–38 as technical apparatuses 48, 99 combined 44 crowdfunding 2, 35, 35–58, 99–105 and labour 59–78 in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America 79–98 models 3–4 cultural 3, 59–78 dependence on contributions of user communities 1 economic performance of 68 equity-based 3 generalist 40–43 integrated 35–36, 44–45 intermediation in 45, 62, 74, 79, 81, 88, 95, 97 lending-based 3 as instruments of ‘liberation’ and ‘value-sharing’ 4, 60 local 43–44, 87, 91 managers of 61, 67–68, 72, 87–89, 94 new cultural paradigm? 4–6 niche 42–43 positioning as partners not competitors 40, 45–47 propagation of 70 public donations to 41–42 quantitative variables of 66–67 strategic use of 53 types of 40–45, 47
PledgeMusic 2, 49
Plekhanov, Georgi 73
potlatch 26
Prêts d’Union 35
Pro8moi 43
Proarti 43, 44 Proartischool 70
productivity 18, 104
profitability 5, 23, 37
project backers 4, 5, 38, 41, 42, 47, 49, 51, 53, 68, 70, 74
project-based city, the 7
project-based model of work 7, 59, 62
project-based value creation 7
project creators and leaders 8, 9, 27, 36, 38, 40–41, 45, 48–54, 64–68, 70–74, 84, 85–89, 101–102 benefits to 51 help for 64, 92 motivations of 5–6 stress of 65
project management 52, 65
project mode of life 103–105
project recommendations 64, 65, 66
projects pre-purchase 27 success of 6, 42, 47, 54, 65–66, 72, 86, 101, 104 factors in 6, 24, 64–65, 103 visibility of 52, 65, 99–100
promotional discourses 68–70
propaganda 73
proprietary code, use of 102
prosumers 62
protest movement 53
proximity and projects 6, 27, 84, 102
public and private, blurring of 7, 43–46
public funding and grants 68–70
publishing 24, 27, 42, 45, 50, 86
Pulitzer, Joseph 25
Index
115