341,372, 377, 378, 383; Third World 223, 279; and US boom of 1990s 279; US household 1952 and 2006 278; for income groups, 294; US banks in 2008, 301; 1929 and 2008 300
Decolonisation 182-3
"Decoupling" 291
"Deindustrialisation" 332
"Deleveraging" 290
Delusion, yearsof229-31, 253,281-92
Dependency theories 1 86-8, weakness of 187; conversions of many supporters to free markets 219
Depreciation 37; and rate of profit 75, and organic composition of capital 76
Derivatives markets, origins and subsequent expansion 284
Desai, Meghnad, quoted 163-4, 230
Developmentalist ideology 186-188
Dialectics of Nature, The (Frederick Engels) 82
Dickens, Charles, quoted 307
Different configurations of global capitals 262-3
Dimensions of competition 200
Diminishing returns 69
"Direct Exploitation", a critique of concept 294
Disciplinary labour 128
Disproportionally, and development of crises 60
"Disutility" 26
Dumenil, Gerard and Levy, Dominique 296; on profit rates, 196-7; on neoliberalism and finance capital 293
Dumenil, Gerard 71, 299
Dunn, Bill, quoted 335-6
EADS, competition with Boeing 239
Eastern Europe, and German investment 241
East German, sell off of enterprises 233
Eastern bloc 1945-89 1 1 8; subordinated to military-industrial goals of USSR 180-1; during long boom 175-9; in 1990s 225
Ecological destructiveness of capitalism, recognised by Marx and
Engels 83-84
Economic cycle, and long boom 178; under state capitalism 178
Economic growth, inadequacy of normal measurements 17
Economic orthodoxy, during long boom 162
Education 334; labour 135; growth of state spending on 17 4
Effective demand 1 64
Egypt, under Nasser, not neo-colony 185; nationalisation 189; economic growth 189; Nasser's heirs embrace market 220; strikes of 2006 344
El Alto, workforce 343; uprisings 344
Electronics industry, pattern of employment internationally 335-6
Elliot, Larry 163; call for greater regulation 292
"Emerging markets", share of global investment 221-2; see also Global South, Third World
Empire (Michael Hardt and Toni Negri) 93
Empire State Building 147
Empires, European before First World War 97
Employment, industrial, in old industrial countries 333; cause of decline in US manufacturing early 2000s 262
Enclosures 39
End of Empire (John Strachey) 184
Energy security 319
Engels, Frederick 35; in Manchester 12; seeming permanent economic depression 88; on rise of capitalist state 105; on casual employment and dock strike of 1889 341-2; foresees disappearance of peasantry 346; on Bismarck's nationalisation 1 15; on pollution in Bradford 307
Enron, bankruptcy 233
Epstein, Gerald 294
Equatorial Guinea 185
Ethiopian invasion of Somalia, US backing for 274
Euromoney, and expansion of finance after 1960s 281
European capitalism, pressures on 239-40
European Community 219
408
Index