democracy: foreclosure of 176; participatory 212, 215; spectacles of 7; virtual worlds and 192
Denning, Michael 26
deprivation 155
Derrida, Jacques 60
De Soto, Hernando59
determinism, technological 22
Diaspora 7, 222
digital alienation 154-61
digital economy 35–9; masculine labor in 48; morality and 52; updating in 105; user participationin 52
The Digital Economy (Tapscott) 37
digitality 171-2
digital labor 15, 79
digital media: backlash against 33; as facilitators 16; glamorization of 33; infrastructure of 157; political economy of 225; social movements and 3
digitization 6, 168, 177
disciplinary society 137
Discipline and Punish (Foucault) 82
discourse 172; demotion of 166, 176; racial 194–6, 198; scientific 87
Discourse onColonialism (Césaire) 178
distributed labor20
distributed workplaces 20–2
docility 83
do-it-yourself economy 30
domesticity, idealized 135
domination, informatics of 34
donation, of labor 21
Dreamworld and Catastrophe (Buck-Morss) 132
Dyson, Esther 155
economy: alternative 22; attention13, 214; database 62; do-it-yourself 30; free 46; of Internet 46, 50; new 35; participatory 212; political 58–61, 225; server198, 200; see also digital economy; gift economy
Eisenstein, Sergei 132
e-lance operations 20
end-user license agreement 156, 194
Enlightenment 83, 86-7
entertainment industry 23
entertainment unions22–3
environmentalism 60
environmental sustainability 209–10
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus173-4
ephemeral commodities 45-50
epistemic changes 178
essentialism228
Everquest 187
exegesis 176
exploitation: free labor and 107, 151–4; of gullibility 158; internships as 25; of labor1; Marxist understanding of 154; on Mechanical Turk 91; monitoring and 161-2; on networks152; ownership and 155–6; pleasure and 153; self 21, 25, 107
Facebook 2; participation and212-13; politics on 213; revenue of 17; separation by 157
factory, social 25, 33–4, 52,74
factory labor 30, 135
false consciousness 27
fan(s)5, 98; commodities and 100; compensation of 109-10; customization by 102; as ideal consumers 104; identities of 104–5; ideology of 104; labor of 99; object relationship with 100, 103; organization of 109; volunteerism 108-9
fan culture 101
Fan Cultures (Hills) 103
fandom: as free labor 99; insanity and98; pseudonymity and 108; social dimension of 102
feminism 135,217
feminization, of work 24, 30
film 3, 132–5
financialization 6, 229
flash mobs 138–9
Flusser, Vilém 87–8, 168–71
Fordism28, 70
Foucault, Michel58, 82–3, 88, 120, 165,176–7
Foxconn 28–9, 220
Fox networks22
“Fragment on Machines" (Marx) 44, 59
free culture 72
free economy 46
free labor 4; availability of 16; commons and 53; ephemeral commodities and 45– 50; exploitation and 107, 151-4; fandom as 99; in online communities 106; solidarity and 209; see also internships
Freelancers Union15
freelance writers 13-14
free markets 22
Index
253