Boyle, Robert, 109
Bramah, Joseph, 91 productive and unproductive labor and, 284-92
Brech, E. F. L., 62
scientific management and, 59–60, 82–83
Bright, James R., automation study by, 146-53
service labor and, 248, 250–52
socialist development and, 16
Abstract labor, 220
on machine and worker, 124n, 129, 130
Soviet imitation of Western, 8–11, 12
Marx's theory of, 125
Babbage, Charles, 52n, 59, 138, 235
British Journal of Psychiatry, 124
state's role in, 97–100
Administrative Management (magazine), 237,238
on disciplinary function of machinery, 134n
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 155, 164n, 165n, 205, 276, 306
worker's habituation to, 96–104
Capitalist class, 279
Administrators. See Managers
on division of labor, 55–57, 218–19
monopoly capitalism and, 180
Bureau of the Census, U.S., 165n, 180, 249,296–97
AEtna Life Insurance Co., 223-24
Taylor and, 61–62, 81
reserve army of labor and, 264–67
state and enrichment of, 97–98
Baker, Newton, 111n
Agricultural workers, 268 1880-1970, 177
Caplow, Theodore, 244, 301
capitalist organization of work and, 83n
Carlson, Howard C., 234
Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 113
clerical work within, 26, 208, 233–35
Business Week, 136n, 142–43, 198n
Carnegie, Andrew, 112, 215
Air Force, U.S., 136
Carnegie Institute of Technology, 99
Baran, Paul A., 37n, 175, 177, 200 on monopoly capitalism, 176
Cannan, Edwin, 251–52
Alienation, 39 Schmidt on Marx's theory of, 19, 19n
Census Bureau. See Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Barber, Bernard, 109, 160
Canning industry, 182
American Chemical Society, 111n
Belidor (French engineer), 61
Canter, Ralph R., 100n
Census Employment Survey, 275
American Management Association, 230, 233
Capital, 80, 208
Bell, Daniel, 73n
Centers, Richard, 19
accumulation of, 37, 38–40, 133
Bell Telephone Laboratories, 113
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 137n
corpo1 1 and, 179–180, 181
Chandler, Alfred D., 181, 184
Bentham, Jeremy, 110
labor's relation to, 261–62
Chemical industry, 109 German development of, 111–12 mechanization of, 155–56
Berg, Ivar, 305
American Tobacco Company, 99
machinery as dead labor form of, 157–61
Bernal, J. D., 91
Animals, 37–38, 50 human labor and, 31-34
Marx on concentration and centralization of, 179
China, 10
Bernhardt, K. B., 303–4
Bethlehem Steel Company, Taylor at, 70–73
Khrushchev on industrialization in,16
productive labor and, 284–85, 286–87
Apprenticeship, 92 craftsmanship and, 76 German technical education and, 110--11
Bienstock, Herbert, 303
Chinoy, Eli, 101
reserve army of labor and, 268–69, 271
Bierce, Ambrose, 134
Chrysler Corporation, 22
Blank, David M., 167–68
Aptitude tests, 99–100
science and, 107–8, 114
Blauner, Robert, 20, 129, 155
Argyle, Michael, 34n
Cities, 141–42, 182, 189–90, 275 effects of intense urbanization on, 191–95 state spending and, 199
Aristotle, 31n, 36n
Blue-collar workers. See also Manual laborers
Arkwright, Sir Richard, 181
surplus labor and, 177–78
job dissatisfaction among, 21–22, 23–24
Assembly line, 134, 135–36, 298,299–300 at Ford, 101–3
white-collar workers and, 205–6, 225, 301–2
Capital (Marx), 6, 7, 14, 17n, 31, 118n, 125, 251n, 264, 284
modern technology and, 223
Bluestone, Barry, 273n
Blumberg, Paul, 308n
Clark, Colin, 252
Boiler shop, 140
Automation, 231-32
Bright's study of management and, 146-53
Capitalism, 26, 117. See also Industrial capitalism; Mercantile capitalism; Monopoly capitalism
Bookkeeping, 53, 170
Booth, Charles, 241
merchant capitalism and, 45, 207
by modern corporation, 209–10
Clark, William, 182
division of labor and, 51–52, 54, 58
early management and, 41–44
Friedmann on progressive aspect of, 159n
labor power and, 35–40
labor-capital opposition and, 261-62
Class consciousness, defined, 20
Automobile industry, 141–42, 168
Class structure, Marx's analysis of, 7
machinery and, 133, 141–43, 157–61
at Ford, 101-3
Clerical workers, 167, 170, 200, 203–45, 264. See also Office work; White-collar workers
management's essential in, 45
class position of, 240–45
job dissatisfaction and, 22–23
mass clerical work transforming, 207—10
Marx's outline of emergence of, 14–15
key punch operators, 227–33
mechanization of office and, 234–39
scientific-technological revolution and, 264,266
Index
Index 327
Boulton, Matthew, 87n, 203
326