- 关于“法兰克”时间和“土耳其”时间在奥斯曼帝国的使用，参见 Avner Wishnitzer, "Our Time:' On the Durability of the Alaturka Hour System in the Late Ottoman Empire," International Journal of Turkish Studies 16, nos. 1 and 2 (2010): 47–69, here 48. 还可参看 Barbara Stowasser, The Day Begins at Sunset: Perceptions of Time in the Islamic World (London: 1. B. Tauris, 2014), 142.
- Henry Jessup, Fifty-Three Years in Syria (Reading, UK: Garnet, 2002 [1910]), 331; Hanssen, Fin de siècle, 245.
- Marwa Elshakry, Reading Darwin in Arabic 1860–1950 (Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2013),53. 1907年，耶稣会会士们在贝卡山谷（Beqa'aValley）开启了一座天文台，但它专攻气象学，没有进行天文学计时研究。
- Jessup, Fifty-Three Years, 331.
- Daniel Bliss, Letters from a New Campus Written to His Wife Abby and Their Four Children During Their Visit to Amherst, Massa chusetts, 1873-1874, collected and annotated by Douglas and Belle Dorman Rugh and Alfred H. Howell (Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1994), 59; American University of Beirut, Archives and Special Collections, Jafet Library (此后缩写为AUB), Buildings and Grounds: Individual Buildings, College Hall, AA: 2.5.3.3.2.3, box 5: General; Tower and Bell; Explosion, 1936-; file 3: Tower and Bell; excerpt and copies from "Prof. M. Jurdak Corrects F. B. Feature on College Hall Tower," AUB Faculty Bulletin vol. 6, January 26, 1963.
第五章 对时间管理进行比较
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