现在来看一下20世纪资本主义的新情况。工作方面一是泰勒主义（Taylorism）、福特主义（Fordism），甚至新福特主义（neo-Ford-ism）；①学校方面——是人类行为学（anthroponomy）、自我约束（self-discipline)；②家庭方面—是家庭监控和闲暇时间的炫耀性消费。③而且，工作、学校和休闲是彼此割裂的。所有这一切都被国家和资本用“思想治理”(govern-mentality))④和实证主义科学构成的复杂的难解之
时间社会学
① 参见 Braverman, H. (1974) Labour and Monopoly Capital, New York: Monthly Review Press; Palloix, C. (1976) The Labor Process: From Fordism to Neo-Fordism', in The Labour Process and Class Strategies, Brighton: Conference of Socialist Economists; Aglietta, M. (1979) A Theory of Capitalist Regulation, London: New Left Books.
② 参见 Bourdieu, P. and Passeron, J. C (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, London: Sage; Chamboredon, J. C. and Prevot, J. (1975)‘Changes in the Definition of Early Childhood and the New Forms of Symbolic Violence', Theory and Society, 2, pp. 331—350; Karabel. J. and Halsey, A. H. (eds) (1977) Power and Ideology in Education, New York: Oxford University Press; Bernstein, B. (1970) Class, Order and Control , vol 3, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
③ 参见 Donzelot, J. (1979) The Policing of Families, New York: Pantheon; Pasquino, P. (1978) ‘Theatrum Politicum', Ideology and Consciousness, 4, pp. 41—54; Knemeyer, F. (1980) ‘Polizei', Economy and Society, 9, pp. 173—196; Linder, S. B. (1970) The Harried Leisure Class, New York: Columbia University Press; Pred, A. (198la) ‘Production, Family and Free-Time Projects', Journal of Historical Geography, 7, pp. 3—36.
④ Foucault, M. (1979)‘On Governmentality', Ideological Consciousness, 5. pp. 5-21.
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